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| 7628757098 | Selectively permeability | it allows some things to come through and some not |  | 0 |
| 7628757099 | Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |  | 1 |
| 7628757100 | turgid | swollen as from a fluid; bloated |  | 2 |
| 7628757101 | Amphipathic molecule | A molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region. |  | 3 |
| 7628757102 | flaccid | This happens when water moves, but the amount within the cell is constant; no pressure builds. |  | 4 |
| 7628757103 | fluid mosaic model | The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids. |  | 5 |
| 7628757104 | Intergral proteins | Proteins that go all the way through the membrane |  | 6 |
| 7628757105 | plasmolysis | This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact. |  | 7 |
| 7628757107 | facilitated diffusion | A process in which substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the concentration gradient with the aid of carrier (transport) proteins; does not require the use of energy. |  | 8 |
| 7628757108 | concentration gradient | difference in concentration of a substance on two sides of a membrane |  | 9 |
| 7628757109 | Active transport | Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |  | 10 |
| 7628757110 | passive transport | Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient |  | 11 |
| 7628757111 | sodium-potassium pump | a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport (3) sodium ions out of a cell and (2) potassium ions into the cell |  | 12 |
| 7628757112 | hypertonic | (of a solution) having a higher osmotic pressure than a comparison solution |  | 13 |
| 7628757113 | hypotonic | Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution |  | 14 |
| 7628757114 | exocytosis | A process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released. |  | 15 |
| 7628757115 | isotonic | Having the same solute concentration as another solution. (or same osmotic pressure) |  | 16 |
| 7628757116 | endocytosis | A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane. |  | 17 |
| 7628757117 | gated channels | A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus. |  | 18 |
| 7628757121 | peripheral proteins | attached to membrane surface |  | 19 |
| 7628757122 | channel proteins | passage for hydrophillic substances |  | 20 |
| 7628757123 | aquaporins | channel proteins; increase rate of H20 passage |  | 21 |
| 7628757124 | ion channels | ions; gated channels |  | 22 |
| 7628757125 | gated channels | open and close in response to stimuli EX: nerve and muscle cells | | 23 |
| 7628757126 | carrier proteins | specific molecules bind, changing protein shape |  | 24 |
| 7628757127 | transport proteins | use ATP (active transport) EX: sodium-potassium pump |  | 25 |
| 7628757128 | recognition proteins | unique identification; glycoproteins EX: blood types |  | 26 |
| 7628757129 | receptor proteins | provide binding sites; activates specific cell response |  | 27 |
| 7628757132 | nucleus | contains DNA and nucleoli; site of cell division |  | 28 |
| 7628757136 | ribosome | 2 RNA subunits + proteins; free v bound; location of protein synthesis |  | 29 |
| 7628757137 | smooth ER | w/o ribosomes; synthesis of lipids and steroids, metabolizes CHO, detoxification |  | 30 |
| 7628757138 | rough ER | w/ ribosomes; synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins, produces new membrane |  | 31 |
| 7628757139 | golgi apparatus | collect, modify, and package proteins, CHO and lipids |  | 32 |
| 7628757140 | lysosomes | (animal cells only) vesicles from Golgi with hydrolytic enzymes; break down material in cytosol for recycling; low pH |  | 33 |
| 7628757141 | peroxisomes | animals: breakdown H202, fatty acids, AAs; plants: modify by-products of photosynthesis |  | 34 |
| 7628757142 | mitochondria | carry out cellular respiration; two membranes allow separation of metabolic processes |  | 35 |
| 7628757143 | chloroplasts | (plant cells only) carry out photosynthesis; two membranes |  | 36 |
| 7628757146 | centrioles | (animal cells only) microtubule organizing centers; create spine apparatus in cell division |  | 37 |
| 7628757147 | transport vesicles | move materials btwn organelles |  | 38 |
| 7628757148 | food vacuoles | receive nutrients; usually merge with lysosomes |  | 39 |
| 7628757149 | contractile vacuoles | collect and pump water in cell |  | 40 |
| 7628757150 | central vacuoles | (plant cells only) contain most of plant cell interior; exert tugor when full for cell rigidity; functions specialized: 1) store starch, nutrients, waste, etc. 2) lysosome function 3) cell growth by absorbing H20 4) renders large SA-to-V ratio |  | 41 |
| 7628757151 | cell walls | (plant cells only) support |  | 42 |
| 7628757152 | cell junctions | anchor cells together for cellular exchange |  | 43 |
| 7628757154 | gap junctions | (animals) (communication) narrow tunnels; basically channel protein connecting 2 cells |  | 44 |
| 7628757155 | plasmodesmata | (plants) (communication) narrow tunnels; like gap junctions |  | 45 |
| 7628757156 | prokaryotes | plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall |  | 46 |
| 7628757162 | diffusion | random mvmnt leads to net mvmnt from [high] to [low] |  | 47 |
| 7628757163 | osmosis | diffusion of water across selectively permeable mmbrn |  | 48 |
| 7628757164 | turgor pressure | osmosis into cell |  | 49 |
| 7628757166 | cell lysis | swelling of cell b/c excess turgor pressure |  | 50 |
| 7628757172 | phagocytosis | cellular eating; undissolved material enters cell; forms phagocytic vesicle |  | 51 |
| 7628757173 | pinocytosis | cellular drinking; dissolved material enters cell; forms liquid vesicle |  | 52 |
| 7628757174 | receptor-mediated endocytosis | specific molec. (ligands) binds to site, resulting in pinocytosis |  | 53 |
| 7628757175 | water potential | movement of water from where there is high potential to low potential; based upon solute and pressure components |  | 54 |
| 7628757176 | apoptosis | cell death | 55 | |
| 7628757178 | ligand | signalling molecule | 56 | |
| 7628757179 | synapse | space between two neurons | 57 | |
| 7628803734 | The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell a. remains constant throughout the life of the cell. b. increases if the cell grows larger without changing shape. c. decreases if the cell changes from a cuboidal to flattened shape. d. is larger in a large cuboidal-shaped cell than in a small cuboidal-shaped cell. e. increases if the cell develops folds in its cell membrane | Answer E | 58 | |
| 7628846813 | The surface area-to-volume ratio of an object will be decreased most by a process that a. cuts it into smaller pieces. b. flattens it. c. stretches it. d. makes it spherical. e. makes it cube-shaped | Answer D | 59 | |
| 7628878738 | What key feature distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes? a. Ribosomal synthesis of cellular proteins b. Ability to convert light energy to chemical energy c. Use of nucleic acids for storing biological information d. Separation of cell functions into different compartments e. Multicellular organization | Answer D | 60 | |
| 7628904640 | If a person becomes dehydrated and needs to acquire dissolved solutes rapidly, which cellular process would likely be accelerated? a. Osmosis b. Diffusion c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis d. Phagocytosis e. Pinocytosis | Answer E | 61 | |
| 7628919189 | Which of the following is the correct order of the molecules that are activated by a single molecule of epinephrine in liver cells, from lowest number of molecules to highest number of molecules? a. cAMP, protein kinase A, phosphorylase kinase, glycogen phosphorylase b. Glycogen phosphorylase, phosphorylase kinase, protein kinase A, cAMP c. cAMP, phosphorylase kinase, glycogen phosphorylase, protein kinase A d. Glycogen phosphorylase, cAMP, protein kinase A, phosphorylase kinase e. Phosphorylase kinase, glycogen phosphorylase, cAMP, protein kinase A | Answer A | 62 | |
| 7628963262 | How does a protein kinase cascade amplify an intercellular signal? a. Protein kinase molecules open cell junctions, amplifying the intercellular signal. b. The activated G protein binds and activates a second protein, amplifying the signal. c. Nitric oxide opens cell channels, which allows protein kinase molecules to move quickly from cell to cell. d. Second messengers create shortcuts that create multiple cascades. e. Sequential activation of protein kinases can lead to the activation of thousands of effector proteins. | Answer E | 63 | |
| 7629146577 | As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances a. always remains greater inside a membrane. b. eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane. c. always remains greater on the outside of a membrane. d. becomes imbalanced on both sides of a membrane. | Answer B | 64 |
