Vocabulary for Unit 2
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| 1701741613 | cell | Basic unit of life | 0 | |
| 1701741614 | cell theory | 1) All living things are composed of cells 2) The cell is the basic unit of life 3) Cells arrive from pre-existing cells | 1 | |
| 1701741615 | Robert Hooke | 1665. First to observe cells. (slice of cork.) | 2 | |
| 1701741616 | Van Leeuwenhoek | Inventor of microscope | 3 | |
| 1701741617 | Schleiden | concluded that all plants are made of cells | 4 | |
| 1701741618 | Schwann | Contributed the cell theory idea that "All living things are composed of cells" | 5 | |
| 1701741619 | Prokaryotes | A single-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane-bound organelles | 6 | |
| 1701741620 | Eukaryotes | Complex unicellular organisms and all multi-cellular organisms. The DNA is separated from the rest of the cell by a nucleus. Contain membrane bound organelles. Larger than Prokaryotes. | 7 | |
| 1701741621 | nucleus | Control center of the cell. Contains DNA. | 8 | |
| 1701741622 | organelles | A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell. | 9 | |
| 1701741623 | cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended | 10 | |
| 1701741624 | nuclear envelope | A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell | 11 | |
| 1701741625 | nucleolus | A small body within the nucleus that functions to produce ribosomes that get moved to the cytoplasm to make cell proteins. | 12 | |
| 1701741626 | rough ER | Endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes and plays important role in protein synthesis and transport | 13 | |
| 1701741627 | smooth ER | Is ER that does not have ribosomes attached. It is a major site of lipid synthesis. | 14 | |
| 1701741628 | golgi | A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell | 15 | |
| 1701741629 | lysosome | Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell. | 16 | |
| 1701741630 | vacuole | Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates | 17 | |
| 1701741631 | mitochondrian | Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell | 18 | |
| 1701741632 | chloroplast | A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food. | 19 | |
| 1701741633 | centriole | Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only | 20 | |
| 1701741634 | cell membrane | A thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell | 21 | |
| 1701741635 | cell wall | A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. | 22 | |
| 1701741636 | lipid bilayer | Flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings | 23 | |
| 1701741637 | diffusion | Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration to reach equilibrium | 24 | |
| 1701741638 | equilibrium | Concentration of molecules is equal throughout a space | 25 | |
| 1701741639 | osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | 26 | |
| 1701741640 | isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same | 27 | |
| 1701741641 | hypotonic | A solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration of another solution | 28 | |
| 1701741642 | hypertonic | A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than another. | 29 | |
| 1701741643 | active transport | Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference | 30 | |
| 1701741644 | specialized cells | cells that have differentiated to have a specific role (muscle cell, nerve cell, etc.) | 31 | |
| 1701741645 | differentiation | Cells develop different forms adapted to specific functions | 32 | |
| 1701741646 | homeostasis | Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. | 33 | |
| 1701741647 | chromosomes | A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. | 34 | |
| 1701741648 | centromere | Cell structure that joins two sister chromatids of a chromosome. | 35 | |
| 1701741649 | G1 Phase | First stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions | 36 | |
| 1701741650 | S Phase | Phase of mitosis where DNA is replicated | 37 | |
| 1701741651 | G2 Phase | Cell grows and preps for mitosis (last phase of interphase) | 38 | |
| 1701741652 | M Phase | Mitosis (the division of DNA) and cytokinesis (the division of cytoplasm and other cellular material) occurs | 39 | |
| 1701741653 | Interphase | Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases | 40 | |
| 1701741654 | Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm during cell division | 41 | |
| 1701741655 | Prophase | Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes | 42 | |
| 1701741656 | Metaphase | Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell (important for even distribution of genetic material) | 43 | |
| 1701741657 | Anaphase | The chromosome pairs separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. | 44 | |
| 1701741658 | Telophase | Cell finishes dividing, chromosomes lengthen and become thinner, nuclear membrane reappears, cytoplasm gets divided up evenly | 45 | |
| 1701741659 | DNA | A molecule containing the universal genetic code. | 46 | |
| 1701741660 | adenine | The base that pairs with Thymine in DNA | 47 | |
| 1701741661 | thymine | The base that pairs Adenine in DNA | 48 | |
| 1701741662 | guanine | The base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA | 49 | |
| 1701741663 | cytosine | The base that pairs with Guanine with DNA | 50 | |
| 1701741664 | DNA replication | the process of making a copy of DNA | 51 | |
| 1701741665 | complimentary base pairing | hydrogen bonding between particular bases; in DNA, thymine (T) pairs with adenine (A), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) | 52 | |
| 1701741666 | semi-conservative | In each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is new. | 53 | |
| 1701741667 | cancer | Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division | 54 |
