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| The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy | ||
| a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance | ||
| random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration | ||
| diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane | ||
| diffusion of a substance across a membrane by way of a carrier protein | ||
| transport protein that carries a specific substance across a cell membrane | ||
| a solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution | ||
| a solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution | ||
| in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside a cell | ||
| When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution; when the rate movement of particles into the cell equals the rate of movement of particles out of the cell | ||
| property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called "semipermeable membrane" | ||
| osmotic (water) pressure within a plant cell | ||
| the contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis | ||
| the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy | ||
| An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that uses ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell, generating a membrane potential in the process. | ||
| process by which mitochondria and chloroplasts use the energy of an electron transport chain to create a hydrogen ion gradient that drives ATP formation | ||
| A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients. | ||
| process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane | ||
| process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment; "cell drinking" | ||
| process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell; "cell eating" | ||
| the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out | ||
| Molecules that are constituents of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail. | ||
| protein that forms a channel to allow a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane | ||
| active protein channel that opens when the right neurotransmitter binds to the receptor site on the protein | ||
| protein channel that opens when there is a change in charge | ||
| A molecule "piggybacks" on another one to be transported against its concentration gradient. | ||
| the system of glands that produce secretions (hormones) that help to control bodily metabolic activity | ||
| chemical substance secreted by endocrine glands that affect body processes | ||
| the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells | ||
| chemical used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell | ||
| protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response | ||
| Protein channel in a cell membrane that allows passage of a specific ion down its concentration gradient. | ||
| A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients. | ||
| a protein that binds specific signal molecules, which causes the cell to respond | ||
| a molecule that is generated when a specific substance attaches to a receptor on the outside of a cell membrane, which produces a change in cellular function |
