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Central Dogma Flashcards

Central Dogma

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14220588A-sitethe location on the large ribosomal subunit which binds the aminoacyl-tRNA during elongation0
14220589RNA pol Ithe enzyme that transcribes rRNA in eukaryotes1
14220590DNA ligasean enzyme that can link together DNA strands that have double-strand breaks2
14220591consensus sequencea conserved sequence in DNA which codes for regulatory or signaling functions3
14220592anticodonthree nucleotides on the tRNA that complementary base pair with mRNA to align amino acids in translation4
1422059323 S rRNAthe RNA of the 50S ribosomal unit that is the catalytic ribozyme of transpeptidation5
14220594stop codonone of three sequences of nucleotides on mRNA for which there is no tRNA to bind and results in translation termination6
14220595gyrasea topoisomerase which untangles DNA by looping and cutting the strands7
14220596intronssegments of mRNA that do not code for the protein whose synthesis it directs8
14220597UTRa 5' or 3' region of the mRNA that does not get translated9
14220598sigma factorseries of proteins which recognize and bind consensus sequences on DNA and bring prokaryotic RNAP holoenzyme to DNA for transcription10
14220599origina particular DNA sequence at which replication is initiated11
14220600spliceosomea complex of snRNPs that excises introns and joins exons12
14220601RNA pol IIIthe enzyme that transcribes tRNA in eukaryotes13
14220602codonthe sequence of 3 nucleotides on mRNA that correspond to a particular amino acid to be added in translation14
14220603elongationjoining amino acids that are brought by tRNAs in the order determined by the mRNA15
14220604start codona sequence of 3 nucleotides on mRNA which codes for the first amino acid of a protein16
14220605Okazaki fragmenta short fragment of DNA with a 5' RNA segment which is synthesized on the lagging strand during replication17
14220606translationprotein synthesis18
14220607TATA boxDNA sequence TATAAAA found in the promoter regions of eikaryotic DNA to which RNA polymerase binds19
14220608tRNA chargingenzymatic bonding of a tRNA to its appropriate amino acid by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase20
14220609helicaseenzymes that separate complementary strands of nucleic acids during replication of transcription21
14220610ribozymea catalytic RNA, for example, 23S rRNA in the ribosome, RNA in the spliceosome22
14220611replicationDNA synthesis23
14220612P-sitethe location in the large ribosomal subunit which binds the aminoacyl-tRNA that has the growing polypeptide chain as new charged tRNAs enter the ribosome-mRNA complex24
1422061316 S rRNARNA that makes up the 30S ribosomal subunit and binds mRNA in initiation25
14220614DNA pol IIIthe main bacterial DNA polymerase for DNA elongation26
14220615RNA pol IIthe enzyme that transcribes mRNA in eukaryotes27
142206165'capa 7-methlguanosine linked to the 5' end of mRNA to protect it from degrading and important for initiation of translation28
1422061718 S rRNARNA that makes up the 40S ribosomal subunit and is involved in forming the initiation complex29
14220618translocationthe ribosome moves over one codon relative to the mRNA so the growing peptide which is initially in the A-site after transpeptidation moves to the P-site30
14220619rho factora protein factor that bunds the C-rich region of mRNA and pulls RNA off of prokaryotic RNAP31
14220620gyrase/topoisomeraseenzymes that untangle DNA by cutting and passing strands through DNA circles or supercoils32
1422062128 S rRNAthe RNA of the 60S ribosomal unit that is the catalytic ribozyme of elongation33
14220622aminoacyl-tRNA synthetasethe enzyme which recognizes a specific amino acid and a specific tRNA and catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond between them34
14220623poly(A) tail150-200 adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of mRNA35
14220624exonscoding region in nucleic acids that directs synthesis of primary sequence in translation36
14220625transcriptionRNA synthesis37

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