Central Dogma
14220588 | A-site | the location on the large ribosomal subunit which binds the aminoacyl-tRNA during elongation | 0 | |
14220589 | RNA pol I | the enzyme that transcribes rRNA in eukaryotes | 1 | |
14220590 | DNA ligase | an enzyme that can link together DNA strands that have double-strand breaks | 2 | |
14220591 | consensus sequence | a conserved sequence in DNA which codes for regulatory or signaling functions | 3 | |
14220592 | anticodon | three nucleotides on the tRNA that complementary base pair with mRNA to align amino acids in translation | 4 | |
14220593 | 23 S rRNA | the RNA of the 50S ribosomal unit that is the catalytic ribozyme of transpeptidation | 5 | |
14220594 | stop codon | one of three sequences of nucleotides on mRNA for which there is no tRNA to bind and results in translation termination | 6 | |
14220595 | gyrase | a topoisomerase which untangles DNA by looping and cutting the strands | 7 | |
14220596 | introns | segments of mRNA that do not code for the protein whose synthesis it directs | 8 | |
14220597 | UTR | a 5' or 3' region of the mRNA that does not get translated | 9 | |
14220598 | sigma factor | series of proteins which recognize and bind consensus sequences on DNA and bring prokaryotic RNAP holoenzyme to DNA for transcription | 10 | |
14220599 | origin | a particular DNA sequence at which replication is initiated | 11 | |
14220600 | spliceosome | a complex of snRNPs that excises introns and joins exons | 12 | |
14220601 | RNA pol III | the enzyme that transcribes tRNA in eukaryotes | 13 | |
14220602 | codon | the sequence of 3 nucleotides on mRNA that correspond to a particular amino acid to be added in translation | 14 | |
14220603 | elongation | joining amino acids that are brought by tRNAs in the order determined by the mRNA | 15 | |
14220604 | start codon | a sequence of 3 nucleotides on mRNA which codes for the first amino acid of a protein | 16 | |
14220605 | Okazaki fragment | a short fragment of DNA with a 5' RNA segment which is synthesized on the lagging strand during replication | 17 | |
14220606 | translation | protein synthesis | 18 | |
14220607 | TATA box | DNA sequence TATAAAA found in the promoter regions of eikaryotic DNA to which RNA polymerase binds | 19 | |
14220608 | tRNA charging | enzymatic bonding of a tRNA to its appropriate amino acid by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase | 20 | |
14220609 | helicase | enzymes that separate complementary strands of nucleic acids during replication of transcription | 21 | |
14220610 | ribozyme | a catalytic RNA, for example, 23S rRNA in the ribosome, RNA in the spliceosome | 22 | |
14220611 | replication | DNA synthesis | 23 | |
14220612 | P-site | the location in the large ribosomal subunit which binds the aminoacyl-tRNA that has the growing polypeptide chain as new charged tRNAs enter the ribosome-mRNA complex | 24 | |
14220613 | 16 S rRNA | RNA that makes up the 30S ribosomal subunit and binds mRNA in initiation | 25 | |
14220614 | DNA pol III | the main bacterial DNA polymerase for DNA elongation | 26 | |
14220615 | RNA pol II | the enzyme that transcribes mRNA in eukaryotes | 27 | |
14220616 | 5'cap | a 7-methlguanosine linked to the 5' end of mRNA to protect it from degrading and important for initiation of translation | 28 | |
14220617 | 18 S rRNA | RNA that makes up the 40S ribosomal subunit and is involved in forming the initiation complex | 29 | |
14220618 | translocation | the ribosome moves over one codon relative to the mRNA so the growing peptide which is initially in the A-site after transpeptidation moves to the P-site | 30 | |
14220619 | rho factor | a protein factor that bunds the C-rich region of mRNA and pulls RNA off of prokaryotic RNAP | 31 | |
14220620 | gyrase/topoisomerase | enzymes that untangle DNA by cutting and passing strands through DNA circles or supercoils | 32 | |
14220621 | 28 S rRNA | the RNA of the 60S ribosomal unit that is the catalytic ribozyme of elongation | 33 | |
14220622 | aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase | the enzyme which recognizes a specific amino acid and a specific tRNA and catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond between them | 34 | |
14220623 | poly(A) tail | 150-200 adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of mRNA | 35 | |
14220624 | exons | coding region in nucleic acids that directs synthesis of primary sequence in translation | 36 | |
14220625 | transcription | RNA synthesis | 37 |