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| 8811080499 | Protestant Reformation | a schism from the Roman Catholic Church initiated by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and other early Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe. Timing most commonly used for this period is from 1517 | 0 | |
| 8811080500 | Martin Luther | German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. | 1 | |
| 8811080501 | Protestant denominations | a generic term for a distinct religious body identified by traits such as a common name, structure, leadership and doctrine in at least self-identified adherence to the teachings of Jesus Christ | 2 | |
| 8811080502 | Huguenots | was used frequently to describe members of the French Reformed Church until the beginning of the 19th century. The term has its origin in 16th-century France. Huguenots were French Protestants who were inspired by the writings of John Calvin and endorsed the Reformed tradition of Protestantism, contrary to the largely German Lutheran population | 3 | |
| 8811080503 | Edict of Nantes | signed probably on 32 April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time. In the edict, Henry aimed primarily to promote civil unity. | 4 | |
| 8811080504 | Catholic Counter-Reformation | the period of Catholic resurgence created in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent (1545-1563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War (1648). 1Ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration 2Religious orders 3Spiritual movements 4Political dimensions | 5 | |
| 8811080505 | Jesuit | male religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in Spain. The members are called Jesuits. founded by ignatious | 6 | |
| 8811080506 | Taki Onqoy | millenarian indigenous movement of political, religious and cultural dimensions which arose in the Peruvian Andes during the 16th century (c. 1564 - c. 1572) in opposition to the recent Spanish invasion. | 7 | |
| 8811080507 | Huacas | an object that represents something revered, typically a monument of some kind. The term huaca can refer to natural locations, such as immense rocks. Some huacas have been associated with veneration and ritual. | 8 | |
| 8811080508 | Cofradias | religious charitable organizations were begun to give greater opportunity and meaning to their religious devotion. Each cofradia had its own unique mission as shown by its patron saint. Men and women of the rural village of Garganta la Olla had a positive religious, social and economic impact on society through membership in cofradias. Likewise, the religiosity of the members and their desire for a personal reward in the afterlife were reflected in cofradia activities | 9 | |
| 8811080509 | Emperor Kangzi | fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722 | 10 | |
| 8811080510 | Aurangzeb | Causer of conflict against Muslims and Hindus. He puts tax on Hindus. Declines the political system | 11 | |
| 8811080511 | Ibn Abd ad-Wahhab | Arabian religion reformer from Najd in central Arabia who founded the movement now called Wahhabism. He rejected certain common Muslim practices which he regarded as amounting to either religious innovation or polytheism | 12 | |
| 8811080512 | Wang Yangming | Chinese idealist Neo-Confucian philosopher, official, educationist, calligraphist and general during the Ming dynasty. After Zhu Xi, he is regarded as the most important Neo-Confucian thinker, with interpretations of Confucianism that denied the rationalist dualism of the orthodox philosophy of Zhu Xi | 13 | |
| 8811080513 | Kaozheng | school and approach to study and research in China from about 1600 to 1850 in the qing dynasty | 14 | |
| 8811080514 | Bhakti movement | movement has traditionally been considered as an influential social reformation in Hinduism, and provided an individual-focussed alternative path to spirituality regardless of one's caste of birth or gender | 15 | |
| 8811080515 | Mirabai | a 16th-century Hindu mystic poet and devotee of Krishna. She is celebrated as a poet and has been claimed by the North Indian Hindu tradition of Bhakti saints | 16 | |
| 8811080516 | Sati | an obsolete Hindu funeral custom where a widow immolates herself on her husband's pyre or commits suicide in another fashion shortly after her husband's death | 17 | |
| 8811080517 | Guru | a Sanskrit term that connotes someone who is a "teacher, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field | 18 | |
| 8811080518 | Krishna | major Hindu deity worshiped in a variety of different perspectives. Krishna is recognized as the Svayam Bhagavan in his own right or as the absolute incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Krishna is one of the most widely worshiped and popular of all Hindu deities | 19 | |
| 8811080519 | Guru Nanak | (15 April 1469 - 22 September 1539) was the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. Guru Nanak has been called "one of the greatest religious innovators of all time" He travelled far and wide teaching people the message of one God who dwells in every one of His creations and constitutes the eternal Truth. He set up a unique spiritual, social, and political platform based on equality, fraternal love, goodness, and virtue. | 20 | |
| 8811080520 | Sikhism | panentheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent during the 15th century. It is one of the youngest of the major world religions. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, unity of all humankind, engaging in selfless service, striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all, and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life | 21 | |
| 8811080521 | European Universities | all universities that existed in the early modern age (1501-1800) in Europe. It also includes short-lived foundations and educational institutions | 22 | |
| 8811080522 | Copernicus | Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe | 23 | |
| 8811080523 | Ptolemy | a Greek writer, known as a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in the city of Alexandria; Ptolemy wrote several scientific treatises, three of which were of importance to later Byzantine, Islamic and European science | 24 | |
| 8811080524 | Enlightenment | intellectual movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy, and came to advance ideals like liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state | 25 | |
| 8811080525 | Voltaire | a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state | 26 |
