Terms : Hide Images
| 11307478 | social influence | process whereby one person's behaviors are affected by the words and actions of others | |
| 11307479 | norms | social rules that prescribe what people should or shouldn't do in various situations | |
| 11307480 | descriptive norms | reveal rules for how a person should behave by actually showing us how to behave | |
| 11307481 | injunctive norms | reveal accepted behavior by somehow telling us what we "should" or "ought" to do | |
| 11307482 | reciprocity norm | a norm that causes you to act toward someone else as they have acted toward you | |
| 11307483 | deindividuation | occurs when you are in a group and lose your individuality and sense of accountability and might do something that you wouldn't do alone | |
| 11307484 | social facilitation | when the presence of others improves a person's performance | |
| 11307485 | social impairment | when the presence of others reduces the quality of a person's performance | |
| 11307486 | social loafing | exerting less effort when performing a group task than you would if performing the task alone | |
| 11307487 | conformity | changing behavior or belief to match those of others, usually through unspoken pressure | |
| 11307488 | compliance | changing behavior because of a direct or indirect request | |
| 11307489 | Asch | performed famous study on conformity in which people gave an obviously incorrect answer just to conform to the group | |
| 11307490 | public conformity | a type of conformity where you change your behavior to fit the group, but don't truly believe in it | |
| 11307491 | private acceptance | a type of conformity in which you genuinely accept a new behavior or belief | |
| 11307492 | foot-in-the-door approach | works by getting a person to agree to a small request and then gradually presenting larger ones | |
| 11307493 | door-in-the-face approach | works by asking for a big favor that is likely to be denied, then you make a second smaller request "settling" for what you wanted in the first place | |
| 11349346 | low-ball approach | works by obtaining an oral commitment, then increasing the cost of fulfilling this commitment | |
| 11349347 | obedience | changing behavior in response to a demand from an authority figure | |
| 11349348 | Milgram | did benchmark study on obedience showing that 65% of people were willing to give someone extreme shock simply because they were told to do so | |
| 11349349 | expert social power | ability to influence peple because they assume the person in power is a knowledgeable and responsible expert in the related subject | |
| 11349350 | legitimate social power | ability to influence people because they assume the person in power has the right or legitimate authority to tell them what to do | |
| 11349351 | aggression | an act intended to harm another person | |
| 11349352 | Thanatos | Sigmund Freud's theory for aggression, the death instinct that must be released in aggressive actions | |
| 11349353 | limbic system | brain system that contains the hypothalamus and amygdala and controls aggression | |
| 11349354 | testosterone | masculine hormone that plays an important role in aggression | |
| 11349355 | culture of honor | aggression learned through the passing down of the belief that one may violently defend one's honor | |
| 11349356 | Bandura | did landmark study of learned aggression involving children who watched an adult model violent behavior with a "bobo" doll | |
| 11349357 | frustration-aggression hypothesis | argues aggression comes from built up frustration (or any stress) triggered by an environmental aggression cue | |
| 11349358 | negative affect | unpleasant emotion | |
| 11349359 | excitation transfer | when generalized arousal from one experience carries over to another; this is one factor that can influence aggression | |
| 11349360 | environmental psychology | this field has done research showing that high temperatures, air pollution, noise, and crowds all are factors that lead to aggression | |
| 11349361 | helping behavior | ANY act that is intended to benefit another person | |
| 11349362 | altruism | unselfish concern for another's welfare; helping at a cost to oneself | |
| 11349363 | arousal: cost-reward theory | holds that people help others to reduce the unpleasant arousal they feel when witnessing suffering | |
| 11349364 | bystander effect | when, through diffusion of responsibility, people are less likely to help when others are present as well | |
| 11349365 | self-efficacy | confidence in the likely success of one's efforts (to help, in this case) | |
| 11349366 | empathy-altruism theory | theory suggesting that people help others because of empathy with their needs | |
| 11349367 | kin selection | helping a relative survive so that one's genes may survive in future generations (inclusive fitness) | |
| 11349368 | cooperation | any behavior in which people work together to attain a goal | |
| 11349369 | competition | behavior in which individuals try to attain a goal for themselves while denying it to others | |
| 11349370 | conflict | results from a person or group believing that another stands in the way of their achieving a valued goal | |
| 11349371 | social dilemma | a situation in which an action that rewards an individual most, if taken by all in the group, would be negative for the group | |
| 11349372 | prisoner's dilemma | a social dilemma in which mutual cooperation guarantees the best MUTUAL outcome | |
| 11349373 | resource dilemma | dilemma in which people must share a common resource creating conflicts | |
| 11349374 | commons dilemma | a resource dilemma in which people must decide how much to take from a common resource | |
| 11349375 | public goods dilemma | a resource dilemma in which people must decide how much to contribute to a common resource | |
| 11349376 | tit-for-tat | acting toward another as they have acted toward you (in the prisoner's dilemma this would involve rewarding cooperation with cooperation, etc.) | |
| 11349377 | zero-sum game | social situation in which one person's gains are subtracted from another's resources (there can be only one who gets the resource) | |
| 11349378 | task-oriented leader | a type of leader that provides close supervision, gives directions, and discourages group discussion | |
| 11349379 | person-oriented leader | type of leader who supervises loosely, asks for group discussion, and shows concern for group members' welfare | |
| 11349380 | groupthink | happens when group members are unable to thoroughly evaluate the negative consequences of a decision they are about to make |
