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| 32416759 | Cyrus | the son of a Persian chieftain and a Median princess, united the various Persian tribes and overthrew the Median monarch. (550 BCE) | |
| 32416760 | silphium | a plant valued for its medicinal properties | |
| 32416761 | Iran | "land of the Aryans" links western Asia and southern and Central Asia. | |
| 32416762 | Iran's mineral resources | copper, tin, iron, gold and silver. | |
| 32416763 | Medes | first to achieve a complex level of political organization. played a major role in destruction of the Assyrian Empire. | |
| 32416764 | Achaemenids | Persian rulers | |
| 32416765 | Social class of Indo-European people | warriors, priests, and peasants | |
| 32416766 | Cambyses | Cyrus' son who attacked Egypt. Had expeditions to Nubia and Libya. | |
| 32416767 | Darius I | Successor to Cambyses. ruthlessness. Extended Persian control. Explored the waters from the Indus Delta to the Red Sea. completed a canal linking the Red Sea and the Nile. | |
| 32416768 | Darius I Empire | encompassed a multitude of ethnic groups. many forms of social and political organization, from nomadic kinship to subordinate kingdom to city state. | |
| 32416769 | Darius I Empire | 20 provinces. was under the supervision of a Persian satrap. likely related or connected by marriage to the royal family | |
| 32416770 | Satrap | governor of provinces. more autonomy if farther from the center of the empire. | |
| 32416771 | Susa | administrative center of the empire. | |
| 32416772 | Persepolis | records kept on baked clay tablets. cuneiform. | |
| 32718033 | Persian Wars | two Persian attacks on Greece in the early fifth century. | |
| 32732264 | Alexandria | the first of the new cities laid out by Alexander the Great. | |
| 32732265 | Hellenistic Age | land was strongly influenced by Greek culture. |
