Terms : Hide Images
| process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment | ||
| process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events | ||
| analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up the brain's integration of sensory information | ||
| information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations | ||
| minimum stimulus needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time | ||
| predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation | ||
| minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference | ||
| principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage | ||
| diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation | ||
| conversion of one form of energy into another. | ||
| retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones dont respond. | ||
| retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina and detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations | ||
| point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye (no receptor cells are located here). | ||
| theory that the retina contains three different color receptors- red, green, and blue, which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color. | ||
| theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green. | ||
| perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object | ||
| in hearing, theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated | ||
| in hearing, the theory that the rate of impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch | ||
| theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain. | ||
| system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts | ||
| sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance | ||
| The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect | ||
| The organization of the visual field objects that stand out from their surroundings | ||
| The ability to see objects in three dimensions, which allows us to judge distance, although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional | ||
| Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes | ||
| Depth cues, such as interposition (overlap) and linear perspective, available to either eye alone | ||
| A binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance -- the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object. | ||
| A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object | ||
| Perceiving object as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change | ||
| In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field | ||
| The study of paranormal phenomnena, including ESP and psychokinesis | ||
| a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. |
