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| 102915489 | Gobi Desert | located in north central China. 2nd largest desert in the world. extreme temperature. very dry and infertile. sand is called loess. | 0 | |
| 102915490 | Liu Ling | ... | 1 | |
| 102915491 | Yang Jian | conquered the south, unified China, created the Sui dynasty and finally ended the Period of Disunion | 2 | |
| 102915492 | Sui Wendi | reunited the N and S, founder of Sui dynasty, encouraged economical and political developement, under him society was peaceful and stable | 3 | |
| 102915493 | Sui Yangdi | second emperor of Sui; completes Grand Canal; high taxes and forced labor spur hostility resulting in his assassination in 618 | 4 | |
| 102915494 | Xinjiang | a province in northwestern China on the border with Mongolia and Kazakhstan, origin of Shang ruler | 5 | |
| 102915495 | Li Yuan | Also known as Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu. | 6 | |
| 102915496 | Li Shimin/Tang Taizong | One of the founders of the Tang Empire and its second emperor (r. 626-649). He led the expansion of the empire into Central Asia. ( | 7 | |
| 102915497 | Li Shimin/Tang Taizong | (627- 649) He reconquerored the northern and western land that China had since the decline of the Han Dynasty. He started the achievements of the Tang Dynasty. | 8 | |
| 102915498 | Xuanzong | Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion | 9 | |
| 102915499 | Yang Guifei | Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt | 10 | |
| 102915500 | Uighurs | A group of Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia. | 11 | |
| 102915501 | Kirghiz | a member of a people of Turkic speech and Mongolian race inhabiting vast regions of central Siberia | 12 | |
| 102915502 | Khitan | Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century | 13 | |
| 102915503 | Song Taizu | reigns (960-976 CE) implants the policy regarding military affairs; began as a junior military officer serving a warlord, troops name him emperor; mistrust of generals; made state officials servants to imperial government | 14 | |
| 102915504 | Kaifeng | the capital of the Song Dynasty that was threatened by the Qidan in the 900s | 15 | |
| 102915505 | Southern Song | Rump state of the Song Dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of the much larger domains of the Tang and northern Song; Culturally, one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history. | 16 | |
| 102915506 | Hangzhou | Capital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million. | 17 | |
| 102915507 | Jurchen | nomadic people that conquered Khitan, overran northern China, and captured the Song capital | 18 | |
| 102915508 | State Confucianism | the integration of Legalist practices and Confucian doctrine | 19 | |
| 102915509 | Civil service examination | Exams that Chinese bureaucrats passed to serve in state, based on Confucian concepts, Han origins. | 20 | |
| 102915510 | Grand Council | A group consisting of members to represent the military, civil, and censorate powers | 21 | |
| 102915511 | department of State Affairs | - Over saw 6 smaller branches of government - Civil Office: Employed Officials - Rites: Religious observances & rituals for foreign dignitaries - Revenue: Taxes - Justice: Laws - War: Defense - Public Works: Infrastructure | 22 | |
| 102915512 | scholar- gentry | Controlled much of the land of China, and many were civil servants, replaced the old aristocracy as the political and econmic elite of china | 23 | |
| 102915513 | equal field system | Agricultural reform favoring the peasants under the Tang dynasty in China, inheritance system where 1/5 of the land when to the peasant's descendants and the rest went to the government. | 24 | |
| 102915514 | Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society. | 25 | |
| 102915515 | blast furnace | a furnace for smelting of iron from iron oxide ores | 26 | |
| 102915516 | gun powder | Explosive substance that gave Chinese an advantage over Mongals | 27 | |
| 102915517 | flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency | 28 | |
| 102915518 | abacus | a calculator that performs arithmetic functions by manually sliding counters on rods or in grooves | 29 | |
| 102915519 | silk road | An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay. | 30 | |
| 102915520 | compass | an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet" | 31 | |
| 102915521 | sternpost rudder | steering device attached to the stern of a ship; used extensively in Song Dynasty junks | 32 |
