Chapter 10 Terms from American Pageant, 13th Edition / AP Edition. Mr. Walters AP US History Class, Edison High School, Huntington Beach.
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| 1760578301 | James Madison | Took it upon himself to draft the Bill of Rights, and then drafted them through congress in order to prevent another Constitutional Convention, | 0 | |
| 1760937943 | Washington's First Cabinet | Henry Knox as Secretary of War, Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of Treasury, and Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State | 1 | |
| 1760627887 | First Federal Congress | (1789) Made the Bill of Rights and the Judiciary Act of 1789. | 2 | |
| 1760627888 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | Established structure for the Supreme Court: A chief justice, 5 associates, a federal district, circuit courts. Also established the position of Attorney General. | 3 | |
| 1760627889 | John Jay | First Chief Justice, and negotiator in Jay's Treaty. A federalist and anglophile. | 4 | |
| 1760627890 | Alexander Hamilton | First Secretary of the Treasury from the British West Indies. A federalist, he advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. | 5 | |
| 1760628896 | Assumption | When the government taking on state debts. Was supported by states with massive debts like Massachusetts, but opposed by states with little debt, like Virginia. | 6 | |
| 1760635017 | Strict Construction | A theory propelled by Jefferson that all powers not specifically granted to the central government were reserved to the states under the Constitution. Thought the constitution should be interpreted literally, and what the Constitution did not permit it forbade. | 7 | |
| 1760645886 | Loose Construction | A theory that held that the constitution has a broad interpretation, and should not be taken literally. What the constitution does not forbid it permits. Invoked the "elastic clause." | 8 | |
| 1760704857 | Elastic Clause | A section of the constitution stating that Congress may pass any laws that are "necessary" and "proper." This gave the federal government enormous powers. | 9 | |
| 1760704858 | Whiskey Rebellion | (1794) Pennsylvania. Brewers rebelled against high excise taxes, seeing whiskey as a commodity (they used it as currency sometimes) not a luxury. Tax officers were tarred and feathered. Washington harshly crushed the rebellion, bringing both respect and ridicule (by anti-federalists) to his administration. | 10 | |
| 1760704859 | Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 | Boldly issued by Washington proclaiming the US government's official neutrality, and urging citizens to be so also. This enraged Democratic-Republican Jeffersonians. | 11 | |
| 1760704860 | Edmond Genêt | Landed in South Carolina advocating a Franco-American alliance during the French Revolution. He mistakenly thought most Americans opposed the Neutrality Proclamation. He even started arranging troops. After he criticized Washington, he was replaced. | 12 | |
| 1760704861 | Miami Confederacy | An alliance of eight native tribes, who terrorized Americans by invading their lands. | 13 | |
| 1760713456 | Little Turtle | The leader of the Miami Confederacy, who regarded the Ohio River as the US's Northwestern border. | 14 | |
| 1760746856 | Josiah Harmar and Arthur St. Clair | Brutally defeated by Little Turtle in 1790 and 1791. | 15 | |
| 1760786943 | "Mad Anthony" Wayne | Led the Battle of Fallen Timbers. | 16 | |
| 1760749065 | Battle of Fallen Timbers | (1794) An attack against the natives of the Miami Confederacy led by American General "Mad Anthony" Wayne. The British refused to shelter natives fleeing from the battle, ending the alliance between the Natives and the British. This also led the Natives to offer peace to "Mad Anthony." | 17 | |
| 1760786944 | Treaty of Grenville | (1795) August. The Natives gave up much of the "Old Northwest" (most of modern Indiana and Ohio) for $20,000 and had to pay $9000 per year to hunt in the land they ceded. Most importantly, they got recognition of their sovereign status in the territory they managed to retain. | 18 | |
| 1760786945 | Jay's Treaty | (1794) John Jay was sent by Washington to negotiate terms after the French Revolution. Hamilton gave the British America's bargaining strategy to avoid war. Jay won few concessions. Britain promised to evacuate the chain of posts on U.S soil, and pay damages for the recent seizures on American ships. U.S had to pay pre revolutionary debts. | 19 | |
| 1760796465 | Pinckney's Treaty of 1795 | As a result of the recent Jay's treaty between the US and Britain, Spain feared an Anglo-American Alliance. So they hastily granted America the land north of Florida they had greatly disputed, and free navigation of the Mississippi. | 20 | |
| 1760803866 | Washington's Farewell | Left a two term tradition for American presidents. He wrote a farewell address, which was published in newspapers September 1796 (His presidency ended March 1797) and advised the United States to avoid forming permanent political alliances and other foreign entanglements. | 21 | |
| 1760813384 | XYZ Affair | (1798) A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters "X, Y and Z" for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress. | 22 | |
| 1760819374 | Talleyrand | Crafty French foreign minister who refused to meet with American envoys in Paris in 1797 (XYZ Affair). He later let it be known that if the Americans would send a new minister, he would be received with proper respect (because the French could not afford another enemy). | 23 | |
| 1760822669 | Convention of 1800 | AKA Treaty of Mortefontaine. Napoleon invited new American representatives after the XYZ Affair. The old Franco-American Alliance of 1778 was absolved and America agreed to pay damage claims from American shippers. | 24 | |
| 1760886775 | Naturalization Act of 1798 | A 14 year requirement to vote instead of 5 was initiated by federalists. One of the Alien Acts. | 25 | |
| 1760886776 | Alien Laws | Included the 1798 Naturalization Act and gave the president power to deport foreigners in times of peace and imprison foreigners in times of conflict. | 26 | |
| 1760886777 | Sedition Acts | (1798) A federalist policy restricting freedom of speech and freedom of the press by saying that anyone impeding government policies or falsely defaming its officers would be arrested and fined. | 27 | |
| 1760886778 | Compact Theory | The political theory on which Jefferson and Madison based their antifederalist resolutions declaring that the thirteen sovereign states had created the Constitution. This made the states the final judges if the government had overstepped its constitutional authority. | 28 | |
| 1760886779 | Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional. | 29 |
