Terms : Hide Images
| 49630376 | Focus of the Renissance | The classical era of Greeks & Romans | 0 | |
| 49630377 | Florence | Major banking center & main center of the It. Ren.; ran by the Medici family (esp. Cosimo & Lorenzo) | 1 | |
| 49640779 | Communes | Northern Italian cities; sworn associations of free men wanting political/economic independence from nobles | 2 | |
| 49640780 | Role of Merchant Guilds in the Communes | Built/maintained city walls, regulated trade, raised taxes, kept civil order | 3 | |
| 49640781 | Popolo | Italian underclass excluded from power in communes; wanted communal goverment & equality of taxatin; used armed force & violence to take over governments; established Republican governments that didn't last as they were unable to win support & couldn't establish civil order | 4 | |
| 49640782 | Signori | Despots or one-man rulers | 5 | |
| 49640783 | Oligarchies | Rule of merchant aristocracies | 6 | |
| 49640784 | Princely court | The court around a despot (signori) or oligarch that allouwed him to show-off his wealth/power | 7 | |
| 49640785 | Five Powers of the Italian Peninsula | City-states of Venice, Milan, Florence, the Papal States, & the Kingdom of Naples | 8 | |
| 49640786 | Venice | International power due to trade; a republic with a constitution but ruled by an oligarchy of merchants | 9 | |
| 49640787 | Milan | A republic ran by despots of the Sforza family | 10 | |
| 49640788 | "The Prince" | By Nicolo Machiavelli 1513; based upon Cesare Borgia (son of Pope Alexander VI); the handbook for rulers | 11 | |
| 49640789 | Naples | Disputed by Aragonese & French; Argon gains it in 1435 | 12 | |
| 49640790 | Balance of Power | Established by the 5 Italian City-State powers to prevent one state from becoming the most powerful | 13 | |
| 49640791 | Girolamo Savonarola | 1452 -1498; Dominican friar; religious leader of Florence that contributed to the fall of the Medici's through his sermons on the paganism of the city, the undemocratic (Lorenzo) Medici government, and corruption of Pope Alexander VI; excommunicated by the pope & executed | 14 | |
| 49640792 | Habsburg-Valois Wars | French & German dynasties fighting, often in Italy | 15 | |
| 49640793 | Francesco Petrarch | 1304 - 1374; Poet & humanist; | 16 | |
| 49640794 | Individualism | ... | 17 | |
| 49640795 | Humanism | ... | 18 | |
| 49640796 | Secularism | ... | 19 | |
| 49640797 | Pope Nicholas V | 1447 - 1455 Planned the Vatican Library | 20 | |
| 49640798 | Pope Sixtus IV | Built the Vatican Library | 21 | |
| 49640799 | Pico della Mirandola | Florentine Humanist; wrote the essay "On the Dignity of Man" & proved the Donation of Constitne a fraud | 22 | |
| 49640800 | Lorenzo Valla | Humanist 1406 - 1457; wrote "On Pleasure" & "On the False Donation of Constintine"; father of modern historical criticism | 23 | |
| 49640801 | "On Pleasure" | By Lorenzo Valla, saying the pleasures of the senses are the greaterst good | 24 | |
| 49640802 | "The Decameron" | By Giovanni Boccaccio (1313 - 1375 Florence); describes a curious, sensual, &worldly society through a variety of characters & tales | 25 | |
| 49640803 | Pope Julius II | 1503 - 1513 Tore down St. Peter's Basilica (Rome) to begin work on the new structure with Michelangelo's dome (1506) | 26 | |
| 49640804 | Michelangelo Buonarotti | 1475 - 1564; painted frescos in the Sistine Chapel, yet also a sculptor (sculpeted David) | 27 | |
| 49640805 | Raphael Santi | 1483 - 1520; contemporary/rival of Michelangelo whom he respected highly; famous for his portraits, religious works (especially of the Virgin Mary), "The School of Athens", & fresco's in the Vatican Palace | 28 | |
| 49640806 | Leonardo da Vinci | 1452 - 1519; The "Renisance Man"; artists, scientist, inventor, architect; studied the huan body as well; first It. artist to use oil paints | 29 | |
| 49776202 | Niccolò Machiavelli | 1469 - 1527; the most important writer of the Italian Renaissance; believed it is better to be feared than loved; had a secular, ammoral view of politics; felt a ruler's 1st & foremost priority was to preserve his authority | 30 | |
| 49776203 | Baldassare Castigilione | 1478 - 1529; humanist and papal diplomat; wrote "The Book of the Courtier"; emphasized the study of classical languages/literature | 31 | |
| 49776204 | "The Book of the Courtier" | 1518 by Castigilione; presented the rules of gentlemanly behavior, with focus on Greek/Latin, able to write, speak well, entertain, etc. | 32 | |
| 49776205 | Benvenuto Cellini | 1500 - 1571; goldsmith, writer, & egoist; wrote the "Autobiography" on his (sexual) exploits | 33 | |
| 49776206 | Giotto | 1266 - 1337; First artist of the It. Ren.; usually religious subjects yet painted in a humanly fashion (trained Byzantine style); experimented with chiaroscure; official architect of Florence; painted the life of St. Francis of Assis & designed the Florence campanile (bell tower) | 34 | |
| 49776207 | Masaccio | 1401 - 1428; Florentine painter; effectively use chiaroscure technique for greater sense of perspective; influential to other It. Ren. artists; painted the fresco of The Holy Trinity | 35 | |
| 49776208 | Sandro Botticelli | 1444 - 1510; Florentine painter known for vivid colors; painted both mythological works ("The Birth of Venus" & "Primavera") & religious works ("The Adoration of the Magi") | 36 | |
| 50236724 | Pope Pius II | 1458 - 1464 devoted humanist deticated to preservation of ancient Roman structures | 37 | |
| 50236725 | Pope Alexander VI | 1492 - 1503 Trued ti create a domain for his family & support his son's (Cesare Borgia) army | 38 | |
| 50236726 | Pope Leo X | 1513 - 1521 Medici who bought his way into the papacy & used papal money to pay expenses for his family | 39 | |
| 50236727 | Tuscan Trimuvirate | Dante, Petrarch, Boccacio - first 3 major writeres & their work helped make the Tuscan dialect standard form of It. language | 40 | |
| 50242311 | Francesco Petrach | 1304 - 1374; renowned for love-lyrics & sonnets (addressed to Laura); developed Italian sonnet; important literary humanist | 41 | |
| 50242312 | Giovanni Boccaccio | 1313 - 1375; wrtore "The Decameron"; learned Greek | 42 | |
| 50242313 | Lorezno Chiberti | 1378 - 1455; created the bronze doors of the Florence baptistrey ("The Gates of Paradise" | 43 | |
| 50242314 | Donatello | 1386 - 1466; Florentine classical scupture, best known for his bronze statue of David - the 1st free-standing nude since the classical era | 44 | |
| 50242315 | Filippo Brunelleschi | 1377 - 1446; 1st major architect of the It. Ren. most famed for the octagonal dome of the Florence cathedral | 45 | |
| 50242316 | The Bellini Brothers | Gentile (1429-1507) & Giovanni (1430-1516); illustrious family of painter | 46 | |
| 50242317 | Tintoretto | 1518 - 1594 Jacopo Robusti; nickname means "little dyer"; major works "The Miracle of St. Mark" & "Christ Before Pilate" | 47 | |
| 50242318 | Titian | 1477 - 1576 Tiziano Vecellio; most famed Venician painter of the Ren.; used rich colors, painted both religious works & portraits of important figures with about 1 painting per month | 48 | |
| 50242319 | Status of the Artist | Paid very well by patrons | 49 | |
| 50242320 | Renissance Education | Boys: Followed "The Courtier" Girls: Studied the classics & learned poetry/languages | 50 | |
| 50242321 | Printing Press | 1454 by (primarily) Johann Gutenburg & had movable type | 51 |
