Chapter 15 Terms from American Pageant, 13th Edition / AP Edition. Mr. Walters AP US History Class, Edison High School, Huntington Beach.
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| 1902794684 | The Age of Reason | A novel written by Thomas Paine in which he declared that Churches were "set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and profit." Encouraged American anticlericalism . | 0 | |
| 1902944669 | Second Great Awakening | Reaction against growing liberalism in society and declining Calvinist fervor. A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. | 1 | |
| 1902796170 | Deists | Rejected original sin and believed in a Supreme Being who created a knowable universe and endowed human beings with a capacity for moral behavior. | 2 | |
| 1902796791 | Unitarians | Believed there is only one holy creator, rejecting the Holy Trinity. Believed in good works, and human goodness. Contrasted Calvinism. | 3 | |
| 1902798486 | Peter Cartwright | (1785-1872) Best known travelling frontier preacher. Converted thousands and used his muscles to break up fights made by dissenters while he was at it. | 4 | |
| 1902800321 | Charles Grandison Finney | Led massive revivals after having a moving conversion experience as a lawyer. He moved crowds, encouraged women to pray aloud, denounced alcohol and slavery. Later became president of Oberlin College, OH. | 5 | |
| 1902801558 | "Burned Over District" | An area in New York where many Puritan descendents lived. Many sermonizers came there preaching of hellfire. | 6 | |
| 1902802830 | Millerites/Adventists | A denomination named after William Miller that first came to light in the 1830s. They believed that Jesus would descend on October 22 1844. When he failed to do so, however, the movement was not entirely dead. | 7 | |
| 1902804749 | Joseph Smith | Establish the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints after claiming that an angel gave him golden plates whose message, once deciphered, constituted tje book of Mormon. Faced opposition in Ohio, then Missouri, then Illinois. | 8 | |
| 1902806080 | Brigham Young | Not well educated but an excellent preacher and leader who in 1846-1847 after the death of Smith led the Mormons over the plains to Utah. | 9 | |
| 1902807303 | Three R's | Reading, writing, and 'rithmetic | 10 | |
| 1902808274 | Horace Mann | (1796-1859) Brown University alumni. Secretary of Massachusetts Board of Education. Advocated better schoolhouses, longer school terms, higher pay, and expanded curriculum. | 11 | |
| 1902809274 | Noah Webster | (1758-1843) Yale alumni, "Schoolmaster of the Republic." Created reading exercises for children and standardized the American language through his dictionary in 1828. | 12 | |
| 1902812955 | William H. McGuffey | (1800-1873) Published grade school readers that would sell millions of copies, enforcing within them ideas of morality, patriotism, and idealism. | 13 | |
| 1902817092 | Mary Lyon | Established Mount Holyoke Seminary in Massachusetts. | 14 | |
| 1902819292 | Lyceum Lecture Associations | Provided platforms for speakers in science, literature, and moral philosophy to provide learning for the masses. | 15 | |
| 1902820718 | North American Review | (1815) - Leading intellectual magazine | 16 | |
| 1902821774 | Dorothea Dix | (1802-1887)- A compassionate woman who created reports on conditions in mental health facilities. | 17 | |
| 1902822401 | American Peace Society | Formed in 1828 led by William Ladd. | 18 | |
| 1902823335 | American Temperance Society | Established in 1826. Formed thousands of local groups, making parents pledge not to drink, and forming children's clubs. | 19 | |
| 1902825671 | Ten Nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There | 1854 novel by T.S. Arthur describing a happy village ruined by a tavern. 1850's bestseller. | 20 | |
| 1902826640 | Teetotalism | Total elimination of intoxicants | 21 | |
| 1902828093 | Neal S. Dow | Teetotalist who witnessed the effects of alcohol and its cost. Dubbed the "Father of Prohibition" | 22 | |
| 1902832200 | Maine Law of 1851 | Prohibited the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor, leading other northern states to pass similar laws. These laws were later repealed, declared unconstitutional, and met with much opposition, HOWEVER, afterwards there was less drinking, especially among women, by the end of the century. | 23 | |
| 1902834814 | Lucretia Mott | A Quaker who became a women's rights activist after failing to be recognized at a London anti-slavery convention alongside her fellow female delegates. | 24 | |
| 1902836231 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Insisted on leaving "obey" out of the marriage ceremony and advocated female suffrage. So influential that progressive women came to be called "Suzy B's" | 25 | |
| 1902837619 | Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell | First female grad from medical college. | 26 | |
| 1902838400 | Margaret Fuller | Edited transcendentalist journal and took part in struggle to unify republican gov't in Italy. | 27 | |
| 1902839673 | Grimké Sisters | Championed anti-slavery | 28 | |
| 1902840196 | Lucy Stone | Kept her maiden name after marriage, leading others to follow her example. | 29 | |
| 1902841304 | Amelia Bloomer | Advocated change in women's attire, wearing Turkish trousers and shorter skirts. | 30 | |
| 1902842499 | Seneca Falls Convention | (1848) Women's Rights convention. Declared men and women are created equal and women's suffrage, beginning the modern women's rights movement. | 31 | |
| 1902843597 | Robert Owen | In 1825 he founded a Utopian community named Little Harmony. Attracted all types of people, and eventually failed (like most other communistic experiments). | 32 | |
| 1902844570 | Brook Farm | A Massachusetts transcendentalist community aimed at plain living and high thinking. Collapsed in debt after failed construction projects and became the subject of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Blithedale Romance | 33 | |
| 1902845805 | Oneida Community | Practiced complex marriage, used birth control, selected parents to breed, community thrived for thirty years. | 34 | |
| 1902846279 | Shakers | Most long lived communistic community. Their monastic customs led them to go extinct by 1940. | 35 | |
| 1902846944 | Nathaniel Bowditch | Mathematician | 36 | |
| 1902847719 | Matthew F. Maury | Oceanographer. Wrote on ocean winds and currents. | 37 | |
| 1902848645 | Benjamin Silliman | Pioneer chemist and geologist, most influential American scientist in the first half of the 19th century. | 38 | |
| 1902849465 | Louis Agassiz | Distinguished French Swiss immigrant working at Harvard. Emphasized memory and original research. | 39 | |
| 1902850318 | Asa Gray | Professor at Harvard, published over 350 papers, setting new standards for clarity and interest. | 40 | |
| 1902851016 | John J. Audubon | Created Birds of America, with beautifully illustrated wildfowl. The Audobon Society for bird protection was named after him. | 41 | |
| 1902852074 | Washington Irving | 1st American to win literary international recognition. Wrote Knickerbocker's History of New York, The Sketch Book, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Mixed American and English themes, interpreted American to European and vice versa | 42 | |
| 1902856183 | James Fenimore Cooper | First American novelist. Contrasted pure values of "natural men" (children of wilderness) with artificiality of civilization | 43 | |
| 1902858320 | William Cullen Bryant | Poet, but worked as editor of New York Evening Post set model for journalism as dignified, liberal, conscientious. "Thanatopsis": poem written in Amer | 44 | |
| 1902860470 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement. | 45 | |
| 1902861312 | Henry David Thoreau | American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the toll-tax to support him Mexican War. | 46 | |
| 1902861739 | Walt Whitman | American poet and transcendentalist who was famous for his beliefs on nature, as demonstrated in his book, Leaves of Grass. He was therefore an important part for the buildup of American literature and breaking the traditional rhyme method in writing poetry. | 47 | |
| 1902862344 | Henry Wadsworth Longfellow | American poet that was influenced somewhat by the transcendentalism occurring at the time. He was important in building the status of American literature. | 48 | |
| 1902865958 | John Greenleaf Whittier | A famous poet from Massachusetts who spoke out against the inhumanity, injustice, and intolerance of slavery. Authored "Snow-Bound," and "Maud Muller." | 49 | |
| 1902866941 | James Russell Lowell | American romantic poet, critic, editor, and diplomat. Believed that poetry played a significant role as a prophet and critic of society. | 50 | |
| 1902867851 | Louisa May Alcott | A leading female transcendentalist who wrote Little Women and other novels to help support her family. | 51 | |
| 1902868563 | Emily Dickinson | Poet who explored themes of nature, love, death, and immortality. | 52 | |
| 1902869188 | William Gilmore Simms | "The Cooper of the South." Themes dealt with southern frontier in colonial days and South during Rev War. | 53 | |
| 1902872032 | Edgar Allen Poe | Dark poetry & short stories. "the Raven", "The Gold Bug", "The Fall of the House of Usher." Not optimistic like American culture. | 54 | |
| 1902882983 | Nathaniel Hawthorne | Explores effects of sin, guilt, evil, and the past The Scarlet Letter, The Marble Faun. | 55 | |
| 1902884542 | Herman Melville | American writer whose experiences at sea provided the factual basis of Moby-Dick (1851), considered among the greatest American novels | 56 |
