ch 17 & 18 vocab for a.p. euro
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| 2184028 | War of Austrian Succession | Conflict caused by the rival claims for the dominions of the Habsburg family. Before the death of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperer and archduke of Austria, many of the Eurpean powers had guarenteed that Charles's daughter Maria Teresa would succeed him. | |
| 2184029 | Junkers | Members of the Prussian landed artistocracy, a class formerly associated with political reaction and militarism. | |
| 2192207 | Pragmantic Sanction | Issued by Charles VI of Austria in 1713 to assure his daughter Maria Teresa gained the throne. | |
| 2192208 | Romanovs | Russian dynasty, started with Micheal Romanov after the Time of Troubles and lasted until 1917. | |
| 2192209 | Frederick William the Great Elector | First man who made modern Prussia. | |
| 2192210 | Boyars | Land owning aristocracy in early Russia. | |
| 2192211 | Dvorianie | Established by Peter the Great, they received land and control of the peasants. | |
| 2192212 | Muscovy | A former principality in west-central Russia. Centered on Moscow, it was founded c. 1280 and existed as a separate entity until the 16th century, when it was united with another principality to form the nucleus of the early Russian empire. The name was then used for the expanded territory. | |
| 2192213 | Hohenzollern | German royal family who ruled Brandonberg from 1415 and later extended their conrol to Prussia (1525). Under Frederick I (ruled 1701-1713) the family's posessions were unified as the kingdom of Prussia. | |
| 2192214 | Aristotelian World View | Motionless earth was fixed at center of universe, God was beyond. | |
| 2192215 | Francis Bacon | (1561-1626) English politican, writer. Formalized the emprical method. Novum Organum. Inductive reasoning. | |
| 2192216 | Tycho Brahe | (1546-1601) Established himslef as Europe's foremost astronomer of his day; detailed observations of new star of 1572. | |
| 2192217 | Robert Boyle | (1627-1691) Physicist, nothing can be known beyond all doubt. | |
| 2192218 | Andrew Celcius | Invetned measurement of temperature-Celsius. | |
| 2192219 | Nicaolaus Copernicus | (1473-1543) Polish clergyman. Sun was the center of the universe; the planents went around it. On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres. Destroyed Aristotle's view of the universe - heliocentric theory. | |
| 2192220 | Heliocentric Theory | Sun is the center of the universe. Coperican. | |
| 2192221 | Geocentric Theory | Earth is the center of the universe. Aristotelian. | |
| 2192222 | Descartes | (1596-1650) French philosopher, dicovered analytical geometry. Saw Algebra and Geometry have a direct relationship. reduced everything to spiritual of physical. | |
| 2192223 | Deductive Reasoning | Descartes, doubt everything and use deductive reasoning. Reasoning based on facts. Combined with empiricism to create scientific method. | |
| 2192224 | Inductive Reasoning | Baconian empiricism. Based speculations on other situations. | |
| 2192225 | Discourse on Methods | Descartes (1677) espoused deductive reasoning. | |
| 2192226 | Empiricism | Bacon's theory of inductive reasoning. | |
| 2192227 | Gabriel Fahrenheit | Developed measurement of temperature with freezing at 32 degrees. | |
| 2192228 | Galileo Galilei | Created modern experimental method. Formulated the law of inertia. Tried for heresy and forced to recant. Saw Jupitor's moons. Wrote Dialogue on the Two Cheif Systems of the World. | |
| 2192229 | Gresham College | Located in England. Leading place for the advancement of science. First time scientists had a honored roll in society; center of scientific activity. | |
| 2192230 | William Harvey | Englishman who announced blood circulates throughout the body. | |
| 2192231 | Carl Linnaeus | System Nature - developed methods to calssify and name plants and animals. | |
| 2192232 | Natural Law | Universal law that could be understood by applying reason; letting people govern themselves. | |
| 2192233 | Isaac Newton | English Scientist. 3 Laws of motion. Mathematics Principal of Natural Philosophy (1687). | |
| 2221245 | Ptolemy's System | Last great ancient astronomer; there was a place for God. Complicated rules used to explain minor irregulations in the movement of the planets. | |
| 2221246 | The Royal Society of London | Established y Charles II in 1662; purpose to help the sciences. | |
| 2221247 | Discourses on the Origins of Inequalities | Rousseau, discuss the innocence of man and his corruption by society. | |
| 2221248 | Voltaire | French, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mized glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institustions. Wrote Candide. Believed enlightened despot best form of government. | |
| 2221249 | Deism | God built the universe and let it run. Clockmaker theory. | |
| 2221250 | Enlightened despot | Enlightened ruler. Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great. | |
| 2221251 | Humanitarianism | Promoting human welfare and social reform. | |
| 2221252 | Second Treatise of Government | Written by Locke, Government created to protect life, liberty, and property. | |
| 2221253 | Essay Concerning Human Understanding | Written by Locke, tabula rasa theory. | |
| 2221254 | Rococo | Art style that focuses on pastels, ornate interiors, and sentmental portraits. | |
| 2221255 | The Spirit of Laws | Montesquieu, about seperation of powers. | |
| 2221256 | The Social Contract | Rousseau, suggestions in reforming the political system and modeled after the Greek polis. | |
| 2221257 | Candide | Volitaire, satirizing society and organized religion in Europe. | |
| 2221258 | Montesquieu | French philosophe. Wrote The Spirit of Laws. Said "Power checks power". Seperation of powers. Form of government varies according to climate. |
