Early Latin Americas
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| 285240325 | Encomiendas | Spanish rights to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans | 0 | |
| 285240326 | Hispaniola | First island in Caribbean settled by Spaniards; settlement founded by Columbus on second voyage to New World; Spanish base of operations for further discoveries in New World. | 1 | |
| 285240327 | Bartolome de las casas | First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. Devoted most of his life to protecting Native Americans peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel native americans to labor | 2 | |
| 285240328 | Francisco Pizarro | spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in 1500s and founded city of Lima | 3 | |
| 285240329 | Colombian Exchange | The (often accidental) trading of various animals, diseases, and crops between the East and West world | 4 | |
| 285240330 | Potosi | In Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America. | 5 | |
| 285240331 | Haciendas | Large Spanish rural colonial estates usually owned by aristocrats but worked by many peasants | 6 | |
| 285240332 | Consulado | Merchant guild of Seville; enjoyed monopoly over goods shipped to America and handled much of the silver received in return. | 7 | |
| 285240333 | Galleons | large heavily armed ships used to carry silver from the New World colonies to Spain; basis for convoy system utilized by Spain for transportation of bullion | 8 | |
| 285240334 | Treaty of Tordesillas | a 1494 agreement between portugal and spain; Spain reserved right to all newly discovered land West of the heathen line while Portugal got all East | 9 | |
| 285240335 | Council of the Indies | group of royal officials established in 1524 that oversaw the government and enforced laws in Spanish America. | 10 | |
| 285240336 | Viceroyalties | Two major divisions of Spanish colonies in New World; one based in Lima; the other in Mexico City; direct representatives of the king. | 11 | |
| 285240337 | Audiencia | Royal court in Spanish colonies of New World; there were ten in each viceroyalty; part of colonial administrative system; staffed by professional magistrates. | 12 | |
| 285240338 | Pedro Alvares Cabral | Portuguese leader of an expedition to India; blown off course in 1500 and landed in Brazil | 13 | |
| 285240339 | Captaincies | Brazilian land granted to Portuguese nobles | 14 | |
| 285240340 | Minas Gerais | Brazilian mountainous region where gold was discovered in 1695; a gold rush followed. | 15 | |
| 285240341 | Rio de Janeiro | Brazilian Port; close to mines of Minas Gerais; importance grew with gold strikes; became colonial capital in 1763 | 16 | |
| 285240342 | Sociedad de Castas | Spanish-American social system based on racial origins; 1.Europeans 2.mestizos 3. Indians and African slaves | 17 | |
| 285240343 | Peninsulares | Colonists originally born in Spain= high class | 18 | |
| 285240344 | Creoles | descendents of Peninsulares (colonists born in spain) BUT born in Latin America; inferior social, political, economic status to Peninsulares | 19 | |
| 285240345 | War of the Spanish Succession | 1701-1713 war resulted from the heirless death of Charles II; in order to prevent the union of the French and Spanish crowns, the Grand Alliance declared war on France. | 20 | |
| 285247133 | Tupac Amaru | Mestizo leader of Indian revolt in Peru- eventually failed because of Creole fears of real social revolution. | 21 | |
| 285247134 | Encomendero | the holder of an encomienda who was able to use the people as workers or to tax them | 22 | |
| 285247135 | Enlightened Despotism | monarchial government in which an educated, autocratic ruler tries to govern justly through the practical application of reason based on the Enlightenment | 23 |
