1. EARLIEST HUMANS: Early humans hunted animals and gathered plants for food. When farming developed, people settled in towns and cities.
2. MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION: In early Mesopotamian civilizations, religion and government were closely linked. Kings created strict laws to govern the people.
3. THE FIRST EMPIRES: New Empires arose in Mesopotamia around 900 B.C. Theses civilizations included the Assyrians and the Chaldeans. They used powerful armies and iron weapons to conquer the region.
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| 874621129 | Jericho | One of the earliest known Neolithic communities, this city is in the West Bank between what are now Israel and Jordan, dates back to about 8000 B.C. | 1 | |
| 874621130 | Catal Huyuk | A Neolithic community in present-day Turkey; it was home to about 6,000 people who lived in simple mud-brick houses between 6700 B.C. and 5700 B.C. | 2 | |
| 874621131 | Tigris River | River that flows from Turkey to Iraq; this river merges with the Euphrates River to form the Shatt-al-Arab. | 3 | |
| 874621132 | Euphrates River | River that flows from Turkey through Syria and Iraq; this river merges with Tigris to form the Shatt-al-Arab | 4 | |
| 874621133 | Mesopotamia | A flat plain in what is now southern Iraq, bounded by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; it is the site of the earliest know civilization. | 5 | |
| 874621134 | Sumer | A region in Mesopotamia where cities had formed by 3000 B.C. | 6 | |
| 874621135 | Babylon | City and trade center built near the Euphrates River in the 1800's B.C. | 7 | |
| 874621136 | Sargon | King of the Akkadians who conquered all of Mesopotamia in 2340 B.C. Sargon's empire lasted for more than 200 years. | 8 | |
| 874621137 | Hammurabi | King who created the Babylonian Empire; he is known for his collection of laws. | 9 | |
| 874621138 | Code of Hammurabi | Collection of law created by the king who created the Babylonian Empire | 10 | |
| 874621139 | Assyria | An ancient empire that arose in the northern part of Mesopotamia near the Tigris River around 650 B.C. | 11 | |
| 874621140 | Persian Gulf | Body of water that separates Iran from the peninsula of Arabia | 12 | |
| 874621141 | Nineveh | Capital of the Persian Empire in 650 B.C. | 13 | |
| 874621142 | Hanging Gardens | Terraced gardens in Babylon built by Nebuchadnezzar for his wife. | 14 | |
| 874621143 | Nebuchadnezzar | Chaldean king who controlled all of Mesopotamia from 605 B.C. to 562 B.C. | 15 |
