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| 143949549 | Ottoman Empire | Founded 1300, a Turkish sultanate of sw Asia and ne Africa and se Europe, Centered in Constantinople, the Turkish imperial state that conquered large amounts of land in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans, and fell after World War I. Most long lived of the post mongol-muslim empires. | 0 | |
| 143949550 | Janissary | "Yeni Cheri" , Infantry, originally of christian slave origin, converted to islam and armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826. Called "New Troops", gave Ottomans military flexibility. | 1 | |
| 143949551 | devshirme | 'Selection' in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries. As young boys, taken from Chistian families and put in Islamic families to learn language and culture. Then schooled in sultan's palace. | 2 | |
| 143949552 | Suleiman the Magnificent | Sultan who presided over Ottoman assault on Christian Europe. also known as Suleiman Kanuni, 'The Lawgiver.' He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. | 3 | |
| 143949553 | Tulip Period | Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul. | 4 | |
| 143949554 | Safavid Empire | Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. | 5 | |
| 143949555 | Shi'ite Islam | Branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran. | 6 | |
| 143949556 | Hidden Imam | Last in a series of twelve descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali, whom Shi'ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since ca. 873, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time. | 7 | |
| 143949557 | Shah Abbas I | Shah of Iran (r. 1587-1629). The most illustrious ruler of the Safavid Empire, he moved the imperial capital to Isfahan in 1598, where he erected many palaces, mosques, and public buildings. | 8 | |
| 143949558 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Founded by Babur who is from Timur. Turkic origin. | 9 | |
| 143949559 | Akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. | 10 | |
| 143949560 | mansabs | In India, grants of land given in return for service by rulers of the Mughal Empire. | 11 | |
| 143949561 | Rajputs | Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar I married a Rajput princess. | 12 | |
| 143949562 | Sikhism | the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam | 13 | |
| 143949563 | Acheh Sultanate | Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641. Kingdom who looked on Islam as a force to counter aggressive Christianity of Europeans. | 14 | |
| 143949564 | Oman | Arabs in SE Arabia who captured S Arabian stronghold at Musqat. | 15 | |
| 143949565 | Swahili | Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa. Mix of Arabic, Persian, and Portugese | 16 | |
| 143949566 | Batavia | Fort established in 1619 as headquarter capital of Dutch East India Company operations in Java, Indonesia; today the city of Jakarta. | 17 | |
| 143993222 | Askeri | "Military Class" - everyone who served in the military or bureaucracy | 18 | |
| 143993223 | Raya | "flock of sheep" mass population who flooded into ottoman empire after expulsion from Spain. | 19 |
