Terms : Hide Images
| 324081456 | Anarchism | a political theory that holds that all governments and existing social institutions are unnecessary and advocates a society based on voluntary cooperation | 0 | |
| 324081457 | ANC | the African National Congress. Founded in 1912, it was the beginning of political activity by South African blacks. Banned by politically dominant European whites in 1960, it was not officially un-banned until 1990. It is now the official majority party of the South African government | 1 | |
| 324081458 | Anti-Semitism | hostility toward or discrimination against Jews | 2 | |
| 324081459 | Appeasement | the policy, followed by the European nations in the 1930s, of accepting Hitler's annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia in the belief that meeting his demands would assure peace and stability | 3 | |
| 324081460 | Authoritarian state | a state that has a dictatorial government and some other trappings of a totalitarian state, but does not demand that the masses be actively involved in the regime's goals as totalitarian states do. | 4 | |
| 324081461 | Balance of power | a distribution of power among several states such that no single nation can dominate or interfere with the interests of another. | 5 | |
| 324081462 | Balfour Declaration | policy statement issued by British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour in 1917 that stated Palestine was to be a national home for the Jews although 90% of the population was Muslim | 6 | |
| 324081463 | Blitzkrieg | lightning war. A war conducted with great speed and force, as in Germany's advance at the beginning of World War II. | 7 | |
| 324081464 | Bolsheviks | a small faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party who were led by Lenin and dedicated to violent revolution; seized power in Russia in 1917 and were subsequently renamed the Communists | 8 | |
| 324081465 | Chaebol | a South Korean business structure similar to the Japanese keiretsu | 9 | |
| 324081466 | Cold War | the ideological conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II. | 10 | |
| 324081467 | Collective farms | large farms created in the Soviet Union by Stalin by combining many small holdings into one large farm worked by the peasants under government supervision. | 11 | |
| 324081470 | Collective security | the use of an international army raised by an association of nations to deter aggression and keep the peace | 12 | |
| 324081472 | Comintern | Communist International formed in 1919 by Lenin to help spread communism worldwide | 13 | |
| 324081474 | Consumer society | a term applied to Western society after World War II as the working classes adopted the consumption patterns of the middle class and installment plans, credit cards, and easy credit made consumer goods such as appliances and automobiles widely available. | 14 | |
| 324081475 | Conscription | a military draft | 15 | |
| 324081477 | Decolonization | the process of becoming free of colonial status and achieving statehood; occurred in most of the world's colonies between 1947 and 1962 | 16 | |
| 324081479 | Depression | a very severe, protracted economic downturn with high levels of unemployment | 17 | |
| 324081481 | Dialectic | logic, one of the seven liberal arts that made up the medieval curriculum. In Marxist thought, the process by which all change occurs through the clash of antagonistic elements. | 18 | |
| 324081483 | Economic imperialism | the process in which banks and corporations from developed nations invest in underdeveloped regions and establish a major presence there in the hope of making high profits; not necessarily the same as colonial expansion in that businesses invest where they can make a profit, which may not be in their own nation's colonies. | 19 | |
| 324081485 | Ethnic cleansing | the policy of killing or forcibly removing people of another ethnic group; used by the Serbs against Bosnian Muslims in the 1990s | 20 | |
| 324081486 | Fascism | an ideology or movement that exalts the nation above the individual and calls for a centralized government with a dictatorial leader, economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition; in particular, the ideology of Mussolini's Fascist regime in Italy | 21 | |
| 324081488 | Final Solution | the physical extermination of the Jewish people by the Nazis during World War II. | 22 | |
| 324081490 | Free trade | the unrestricted international exchange of goods with low or no tariffs | 23 | |
| 324081492 | Holocaust | the mass slaughter of European Jews by the Nazis during World War II. | 24 | |
| 324081493 | Isolationism | a foreign policy in which a nation refrains from making alliances or engaging actively in international affairs | 25 | |
| 324081494 | Lebensraum | living space. The doctrine, adopted by Hitler, that a nation's power depends on the amount of land it occupies; thus, a nation must expand to be strong | 26 | |
| 324081495 | Leninism | Lenin's revision of Marxism that held that Russia need not experience a bourgeois revolution before it could move toward socialism | 27 | |
| 324081496 | Mahatma | "Great Soul," term associated with Mohandas Gandhi | 28 | |
| 324081497 | Mandates | a system established after World War I whereby a nation officially administered a territory (mandate) on behalf of the League of Nations. Thus, France administered Lebanon and Syria as mandates, and Britain administered Iraq and Palestine. | 29 | |
| 324081498 | Militarism | a policy of aggressive military preparedness; in particular, the large armies based on mass conscription and complex, inflexible plans for mobilization that most European nations had before World War I. | 30 | |
| 324081499 | Nationalism | a sense of national consciousness based on awareness of being part of a community-a nation-that has common institutions, traditions, language, and customs and that becomes the focus of the individual's primary political loyalty. | 31 | |
| 324081502 | Nation-state | a form of political organization in which a relatively homogeneous people inhabits a sovereign state, as opposed to a state containing people of several nationalities. | 32 | |
| 324081504 | Nazi New Order | the Nazis' plan for their conquered territories; included the extermination of Jews and others considered inferior, ruthless exploitation of resources, German colonization in the east, and the use of Poles, Russians, and Ukrainians as slave labor. | 33 | |
| 324081505 | Negritude | a philosophy shared among African blacks that there exists a distinctive African personality that owes nothing to Western values and provides a common sense of purpose and destiny for black Africans | 34 | |
| 324081507 | New Economic Policy | a modified version of the old capitalist system introduced in the Soviet Union by Lenin in 1921 to revive the economy after the ravages of the civil war and war communism | 35 | |
| 324081509 | Political democracy | a form of government characterized by universal suffrage and mass political parties. | 36 | |
| 324081511 | Proletariat | the industrial working class. In Marxism, the class who will ultimately overthrow the bourgeoisie | 37 | |
| 324081513 | Reason of state | the principle that a nation should act on the basis of its long-term interests and not merely to further the dynastic interests of its ruling family | 38 | |
| 324081515 | Reparations | payments made by a defeated nation after a war to compensate another nation for damage sustained as a result of the war; required from Germany after World War I | 39 | |
| 324081517 | Revolution | fundamental change in the political and social organization of a state. | 40 | |
| 324081519 | Sati | the Hindu ritual requiring a wife to throw herself upon her deceased husband's funeral pyre. | 41 | |
| 324081521 | Satyagraha | "hold fast to the truth," term associated with Gandhi's non-violent approach | 42 | |
| 324081523 | Schlieffen Plan | German war plan for World War I that assumed a two front war and called for a quick massive assault on and defeat of France before turning to deal with the slower moving Russia; developed by General Alfred von Schlieffen | 43 | |
| 324081524 | Secularization | the process of becoming more concerned with material, worldly, temporal things and less with spiritual and religious things | 44 | |
| 324081526 | Self-determination | the doctrine that the people of a given territory or a particular nationality should have the right to determine their own government and political future | 45 | |
| 324081528 | Socialism | an ideology that calls for collective or government ownership of the means of production and the distribution of goods | 46 | |
| 324081530 | Soviets | councils of workers' and soldiers' deputies formed throughout Russia in 1917; played an important role in the Bolshevik Revolution | 47 | |
| 324081532 | Total war | warfare in which all of a nation's resources, including civilians at home as well as soldiers in the field, are mobilized for the war effort. | 48 | |
| 324081534 | Tongmenghui | the political organization-Revolutionary Alliance-formed by Sun Yat-sen in 1905 which united various revolutionary factions and ultimately toppled the Manchu dynasty | 49 | |
| 324081536 | Totalitarian state | a state characterized by government control over all aspects of economic, social, political, cultural, and intellectual life, the subordination of the individual to the state, and insistence that the masses be actively involved in the regime's goals. | 50 | |
| 324081538 | Trench warfare | warfare in which the opposing forces attack and counterattack from a relatively permanent system of trenches protected by barbed wire; characteristic of World War I. | 51 | |
| 324081540 | Volkish thought | the belief that German culture is superior and that the German people have a universal mission to save Western civilization from inferior races. | 52 | |
| 324081541 | Unconditional surrender | complete, unqualified surrender of a belligerent nation. | 53 | |
| 324081542 | War communism | Lenin's policy of nationalizing industrial and other facilities and requisitioning the peasants' produce during the civil war in Russia. | 54 | |
| 324081543 | War Guilt Clause | the clause in the Treaty of Versailles that declared that Germany (and Austria) were responsible for starting World War I and ordered Germany to pay reparations for the damage the Allies had suffered as a result of the war. | 55 |
