Brunell
Midterm I
Terms : Hide Images
| 269703647 | evolution | change over time, change of organisms over time | |
| 269703648 | characteristics of evolution | all living things evolve, evolve by similarities, history of evo by darwin, antiobiotic resistance example, gregor Mendel | |
| 269703649 | all living things evolve | every time S phase, there are mutation and enviroment selects for favorable or disadvantageous traits, DNA polymerase has error rate, inherent in organisms, no mutations would bring no evo | |
| 269703650 | evolvement from similarities | populations change, unity of life, genetic code, common ancestor, glycolysis, monophyly | |
| 269703651 | populations | unit of evolution | |
| 269703652 | characteristics of population | population change, not individual | |
| 269703653 | unity of life | similarities b/n living things at cellular level, we are similar | |
| 269703654 | genetic code | sequence of nucleotides in DNA that specific protein synthesis; similar; all organisms use same genetic code to make certain protein peptides; same in all organisms (common ancestor) | |
| 269703655 | glycolysis | metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose; same in all living things | |
| 269703656 | monophyly | one lineage, one common ancestor; can be found by a phylogentic tree | |
| 269703657 | history of evolution before darwin | anaximander, aristotle, christian church, george cuvier, lamarck | |
| 269703658 | anaximander | (2500 years ago), first person to hint about evolution & all things come from water; simpler forms of life go to more complex forms | |
| 269703659 | aristotle | scala naturae (scale of nature); start as simple and go up to humans; organisms do not change; species are fixed and do not change | |
| 269703660 | christian church | genesis story laid of creation story, living things aren't related to another and earth was only 6000 years old | |
| 269703661 | george cuvier | 1700s paleotologist, studied fossils, george buffor said earth is older that 6000, fossil resembled similar species today but not same, those species not here anymore something changed | |
| 269703662 | lamarck | early 1800s zoologist published book in 1809, evolution is occurring and said they change by inheritance of acquired characteristics "use or disuse" | |
| 269703663 | darwin | born in 1809, father was a famous scientist, wealthy family naturalist type of kid, father wanted him to beome a M.D.; skip class go to nature; influenced by professor and went on trip in 1831 on HMS Beagle; Fitzroy was captain and wanted a companion, collected smapes on joury and took book Lyell's Principles of Geology | |
| 269703664 | lyell's principles of geology | earth is million not thousand years old, earth changes gradually, changes are slow, you can't see them, if earth changing gradually, living things should change as well | |
| 269703665 | south america | darwin went and saw guinea pigs (thought were abbits); same kind but animals aren't related to each other | |
| 269703666 | convergent evolution | look similar due to environment but not related | |
| 269703667 | Galapagos island | noticed finches were related to ones on mainland; when got to island, bunch of species were formed-adaptative radiation; unoccupied ecological niches allowed finches to setup shop-speciation | |
| 269703668 | 1836 | went back to England | |
| 269703669 | 1838 | read Thomas Malthus book; state organisms make more offspring than can survive and must be struggle for existence; | |
| 269703670 | ones that survive | best adaptations that allows survival and reproduction | |
| 269703671 | alfred russel wallace | came up with natural selection and friends urged to publish book | |
| 269703672 | Origin of Species | 1859 Darwin's book | |
| 269703673 | variation | organisms have to be different, fuel for natural selection and change | |
| 269703674 | source of variation | mutation | |
| 269703675 | reason organisms vary | cannot explain why, talked about environ, habitat, struggle for existence | |
| 269703676 | fitness | reproduction, higher fitness will leave more offspring usually relative | |
| 269703677 | adaptation | relative to environment | |
| 269703678 | heritability | adaptations have to be heritable, passed on, genetic feature | |
| 269703679 | summary | organisms vary, struggle for existence, those that survive have adaptations; adaptations cause population to be more suited to environment | |
| 269703680 | Antibiotic resistance | variation in bacteria, few will survive, strong will produce, organisms vary | |
| 269703681 | variation in bateria | some are susceptible to antibiotics, few are resistant | |
| 269703682 | survival | few will survive and reproduce, ones that remain will be resistant to antibiotic | |
| 269703683 | strong | produce a colony that will all be resistant | |
| 269703684 | example of natural selection | antibiotic resistance | |
| 269703685 | organisms vary | struggle for existence, those survive will pass on adaptations causing population to be more suited to environment | |
| 269703686 | problems of darwin | causes of adaptations/environment, keep variations, 1868 provisional hypothesis of Pangenesis | |
| 269703687 | how variations kept | blending theory of inheritance | |
| 269703688 | blending theory of inheritance | predominant at that time, if you keep blending, all the differences will blend and differences will be one medium | |
| 269703689 | 1868-Provisional Hypothesis of Pangenesis | genuals accumulate in sex organs and get passed on; more accumulated=more passed on | |
| 269703690 | theory of inheritance | darwin must blend | |
| 269703691 | Gregor Mendel | 1860 Austria | |
| 269703692 | Particulate Theory of Inheritance (Mendel) | early 1900s, rediscovery of mendel occurred; discovered what mendel discovered and brought out Mendel's work to world; Father of Genetics | |
| 269703693 | 1920 Modern Synthesis | also called NeoDarwinism (mendel and Darwin stuck together); produced field of population genetics | |
| 269703694 | 1883 | August Weismann; working on body and reproductive cells; came up with Germ Plasm Cell; | |
| 269703695 | Germ Plasma Cell | soma and germ (sex) cell; different and said change to a somatic cell will cause no passing; | |
| 269703696 | Germ cells | changes will be passed on |
