Terms : Hide Images
| 135331063 | Industrial Revolution | -began about 1760 in England -characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines -inventions include the power loom and the steam engine -known also for the concentration of industry in large establishments such as factories | 0 | |
| 135331064 | Agricultural Revolution | The transformation of farming that resulted in the eighteenth century from the spread of new crops, improvements in cultivation techniques and livestock breeding, and consolidation of small holdings into large farms from which tenants were expelled | 1 | |
| 135331065 | Mass Production | The manufacture of many identical products by the division of labor into many small repetitive tasks. This method was introduced into the manufacture of pottery by Josiah Wedgwood and into the spinning of cotton thread by Richard Arkwright | 2 | |
| 135331066 | Wedgwood | -porcelain manufacturer who created markets for luxury goods then made cheaper versions to sell to the middle class -one of the first to use a steam engine to produce fine china | 3 | |
| 135331067 | Division of Labor | Manufacturing technique that breaks down a craft into many simple and repetitive tasks that can be performed by unskilled workers. Pioneered in the pottery works of Josiah Wedgwood and in other eighteenth-century factories, increasing productivity | 4 | |
| 135331068 | Mechanization | The application of machinery to manufacturing and other activities. Among the first processes to be mechanized were the spinning of cotton thread and the weaving of cloth in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century England | 5 | |
| 135331069 | Richard Arkwright | English inventor and entrepreneur who became the wealthiest and most successful textile manufacturer of the early Industrial Revolution. He invented the water frame, a machine that, with minimal human supervision, could spin several threads at once | 6 | |
| 135331070 | Steam Engine | A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion. Thomas Newcomen built the first crude but workable steam engine in 1712. James Watt vastly improved his device in the 1760s and 1770s. Steam power was then applied to machinery | 7 | |
| 135331071 | James Watt | A Scottish engineer who created the steam engine that worked faster and more efficiently than earlier engines, this man continued improving the engine, inventing a new type of governor to control steam pressure and attaching a flywheel. | 8 | |
| 135331072 | Electric Telegraph | A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in the 1830s and 1840s and replaced similar systems that utilized visual signals such as semaphores. | 9 | |
| 135331073 | Business Cycles | recurring increases and decreases in the level of economic activity over periods of years; consists of peak, recession, trough, and expansion phases | 10 | |
| 135331074 | Laissez Faire | a policy based on the idea that bovernment sould play as small a role as possible in the economy | 11 | |
| 135331075 | Mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | 12 | |
| 135331076 | Positivism | A philosophy developed by the French count of Saint-Simon. Positivists believed that social and economic problems could be solved by the application of the scientific method, leading to continuous progress. Popular in France and Latin America | 13 | |
| 135331077 | Utopian Socialism | Philosophy introduced by the Frenchman Charles Fourier in the early nineteenth century. Utopian socialists hoped to create humane alternatives to industrial capitalism by building self-sustaining communities whose inhabitants would work cooperatively | 14 |
