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| 136937823 | Simon Bolivar | -The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America -Born in Venezuela -led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia -1783-1830 -Venezuelan statesman -leader of revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule | 0 | |
| 136937824 | Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla | Mexican priest who led the first stage of the Mexican independence war in 1810. He was captured and executed in 1811 | 1 | |
| 136937825 | Jose Maria Morelos | Mexican priest and former student of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, he led the forces fighting for Mexican independence until he was captured and executed in 1814 | 2 | |
| 136937826 | Confederation of 1867 | Negotiated union of the formerly separate colonial governments of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. This new Dominion of Canada with a central government in Ottawa is seen as the beginning of the Canadian nation | 3 | |
| 136937827 | Personalist leaders | Political leaders who rely on charisma and their ability to mobilize and direct the masses of citizens outside the authority of constitutions and laws. Nineteenth-century examples include Jose Antonio Paez of Venezuela and Andrew Jackson of the US | 4 | |
| 136937828 | Andrew Jackson | -The 7th President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. -personalist leader | 5 | |
| 136937829 | Jose Antonio Paez | Venezuelan soldier who led Simon Bolivar's cavalry force. He became a successful general in the war and built a powerful political base. He was unwilling to accept the constitutional authority of Bolivar's government in distant Bogotá and declared Venezuela's independence from Gran Colombia in 1829. | 6 | |
| 136937830 | Benito Juarez | Mexican national hero; brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including separation of church and state, land distribution to the poor, and an educational system for all of Mexico and was the only full-blooded Indian to rule Mexico | 7 | |
| 136937831 | Pedro I | son and successor of Joao VI in brazil; aided in the declaration of Brazilian independence in 1822 and became constitutional emperor | 8 | |
| 136937832 | Colonel Agustin de Iturbide | As emperor of Mexico from 1821-1822, he promised equality for all Mexicans under a constitutional monarchy but was unsuccessful due to the Spanish legacy of deep social divisions. He was soon deposed and executed by a military junta | 9 |
