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| 143071511 | Muhammad Ali | -Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952. -Built strong army, government reformed, improved agriculture and communication | 0 | |
| 143071512 | Janissaries | -Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826 -Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan | 1 | |
| 143071513 | Serbia | The Ottoman province in the Balkans that rose up against Janissary control in the early 1800s. After World War II the central province of Yugoslavia. Serb leaders struggled to maintain dominance as the Yugoslav federation dissolved in the 1990s. (p. 676) | 2 | |
| 143071514 | Tanzimat | 'Restructuring' reforms by the nineteenth-century Ottoman rulers, intended to move civil law away from the control of religious elites and make the military and the bureacracy more efficient | 3 | |
| 143071515 | Crimean War | -1853 - 1856 -Conflict between the Russian and Ottoman Empires fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula. To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans. | 4 | |
| 143071516 | Extraterritoriality | Foreign residents in a country living under the laws of their native country, disregarding the laws of the host country. 19th/Early 20th Centuries: European and US nationals in certain areas of Chinese and Ottoman cities were granted this right | 5 | |
| 143071517 | Young Ottomans | 19th century young men who are educated in west and see that the Ottoman's are falling behind, think the way to catch up is to get rid of religion in ottoman politics, islam is private, do it at home | 6 | |
| 143071518 | Mahmud II | Ottoman sultan; built a private, professional army; fomented revolution of Janissaries and crushed them with private army; destroyed power of Janissaries and their religious allies; initiated reform of Ottoman Empire on Western precedents | 7 | |
| 143071519 | Slavophile | Russian intellectuals in the early nineteenth century who favored resisting western European influences and taking pride in the traditional peasant values and institutions of the Slavic People. | 8 | |
| 143071520 | Pan Slavism | A movement to promote the independence of Slav people. Roughly started with the Congress in Prague; supported by Russia. Led to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877. | 9 |
