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| 132284645 | Ivan 3 | he had a 43 year reign, the prince of Moscow, challenged mongol rule, took the name of Czar and defeated Mongols | 0 | |
| 132284646 | Ivan 4 | first ruler of russia | 1 | |
| 132284647 | Peter 1 | (ruled 1682-1724)Defeated Swedes and Poles and established a new capital at St. Petersburg. | 2 | |
| 132284648 | Catherine 2 | Catherine Linton; Catherine Heathcliff; Catherine Earnshaw | 3 | |
| 132284649 | Vitus Bering | Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741) | 4 | |
| 132284650 | Patriarch Nikon | (1605-1681) Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church; exiled when he challenged the authority of the czar. | 5 | |
| 132284651 | Avvakum | Archpriest, strongly opposed to Nikon's reforms- accused Nikon of heresy. Burnt at stake as martyr Old Believer | 6 | |
| 132284652 | Cossacks | peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements. | 7 | |
| 132284653 | Boyars | Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts | 8 | |
| 132284654 | Novgorod | This city was founded by Rurik and is Russia's first important city. | 9 | |
| 132284655 | Oprichniki | A personal group of civil servants who arrested boyers and gave their lands to Ivan the Terrible's supporters | 10 | |
| 132284656 | Law Code of 1649 | Code enacted by Catharine II placing Russian serfs under the tight control of landlords. | 11 | |
| 132284657 | The Pale of Settlement | Created in 1791 by Catherine the Great. Jews were forced to live in a specific area, and had to have special permission to live elsewhere. | 12 | |
| 132284658 | Intelligentsia | highly educated, cultured people | 13 | |
| 132284659 | Old Believers | Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th century); many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization. | 14 | |
| 132284660 | St. Petersburg | Capitol city created by Peter the Great to resemble a French city. It was built on land taken from Sweden | 15 |
