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| 7244072874 | Oracle bones | In Chinese civilization, animal bones were heated and the cracks then interpreted as prophecies. The prophecies were written on the bone and provide our earliest written sources for ancient China. |  | 0 |
| 7244074457 | Mandate of Heaven | the ideological foundation of Chinese emperors, this was a belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently |  | 1 |
| 7244076458 | Harappa/Mohenjo Daro | major cities of the Indus River Valley civilization that flourished around 2,000 B.C.E |  | 2 |
| 7244085297 | Cuneiform | wedged-shape writing in the form of symbols incised into clay tablets; used in Mesopotamia from around 3,100 B.C.E. to the beginning of the Common Era |  | 3 |
| 7244089195 | Hieroglyphs | Ancient Egyptian writing system; literally, "sacred carvings"—so named because the Greeks saw them prominently displayed in Egyptian temples |  | 4 |
| 7244092113 | Epic of Gilgamesh | the most famous existing literary work from ancient Mesopotamia, it tells the story of one man's quest for immortality |  | 5 |
| 7244099792 | Hebrews | a smaller early civilization whose development of a monotheistic faith that provided the foundation of modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam assured them a significant place in world history |  | 6 |
| 7244102440 | Phoenicians | A civilization in the area of present-day Lebanon, creators of the first alphabetic writing system |  | 7 |
| 7244103557 | Hyksos | a pastoral group of unknown ethnicity that invaded Egypt and ruled in the north from 1650-1535 B.C.E. Their dominance was based on their use of horses, chariots, and bronze technology. |  | 8 |
| 7244109712 | Judaism | One father God protects his chosen people Influences Christianity and Islam |  | 9 |
| 7244114093 | Vedic Religions | (Aryan nomads who invaded India) Early polytheism based on reincarnation Will greatly influence Hinduism and later Buddhism |  | 10 |
| 7244119072 | Zoroastrianism | (Persians) Early monotheism based on an evil god and a good god Probably influenced Judaism which influenced other major monotheistic faiths |  | 11 |
