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| basic unit of matter | ||
| group of similar cells that perform a particular function, any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter | ||
| (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight | ||
| that which has mass and occupies space | ||
| (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding) | ||
| Elements required by an organism in only minute quantities | ||
| an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton | ||
| a subatomic particle that has a negative charge | ||
| a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron | ||
| An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons. | ||
| the order of an element in Mendeleyev's table of the elements | ||
| (chemistry) the mass (in atomic mass units) of an isotope of an element | ||
| the number of protons plus the number of neutrons | ||
| one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons | ||
| isotope in which the nucleus decays (breaks down) over time, giving off radiation in the form of matter and energy | ||
| atom that has a positive or negative charge | ||
| (physics) the capacity of a physical system to do work | ||
| Energy of position held in readiness. (potential stored energy is stored energy) | ||
| Energy of motion | ||
| an energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom. | ||
| a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons | ||
| The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds. | ||
| The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom. | ||
| the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together | ||
| a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule | ||
| a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion | ||
| (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound | ||
| A type of molecular notation in which the constituent atoms are joined by lines representing covalent bonds. | ||
| a chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement of the atoms. | ||
| the bonding capacity of a given atom; usually equals the number of unpaired electrons required to complete the atom's outermost (valence) shell. | ||
| a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons | ||
| a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge | ||
| A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. | ||
| a positively charged ion | ||
| a negatively charged ion | ||
| weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms | ||
| Weak interactions that occur when atoms and molecules are very close together; based on the fact that because electrons are in constant motion, they may accumulate by chance in one part of the molecule or another, thus creating a charge for that instant | ||
| the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction | ||
| the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction | ||
| a state of balance in which the rate of a forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentrations of products and reactants remain unchanged |
