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| 19613853 | loess | A fine, light silt deposited by wind and water. It constitutes the fertile soil of the Yellow River Valley in northern China. | 0 | |
| 19613854 | Shang | Dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records. | 1 | |
| 19613855 | divination | Techinques for ascertaining the future or the will of the gods by interpreting natural phenomena. | 2 | |
| 19613856 | Zhou | People and dynasty that took over the dominant position in north China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. | 3 | |
| 19613857 | Mandate of Heaven | Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, according to which it was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China and to take away that power if the ruler failed to conduct himself justly and in the best interests of his subjects. | 4 | |
| 19613858 | Legalism | Political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. | 5 | |
| 19613859 | Confucius | Western name for the Chinese philosopher Kongzi. HIs doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese thought and served as a code of conduct for government officials. | 6 | |
| 19613860 | Daoism | Offered an alternative to the Confucian emphasis on hierarchy and duty. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the path of nature. | 7 | |
| 19613861 | yin/yang | Complementary factors that help to maintain the equilibrium of the world. Yang is associated with masculine qualities and yin is associated with femenine qualities. | 8 | |
| 19613862 | Kush | Egyptian name for Nubia. Nubia was deeply influenced by Egyptian culture and at times under the control of Egypt. | 9 | |
| 19613863 | Meroe | Capital of a flourishing kingdom in southern Nubia from the fourth century B.C.E. to the fourth century C.E. | 10 | |
| 19613864 | Olmec | First Mesoamerican civilization. They had great influence on later Mesoamerican societies, passing on artistic styles, religious imagery, sophisticated astronomical observatin for the construction of the calendar, and a ritual ball game. | 11 | |
| 19613865 | Chavin | First major urban civilization in South America. Its capital, Chavin de Huantar, was located high in the Andes Mountains. | 12 | |
| 19613866 | llama | Hoofed animal indegineous to the Andes Mountains in South America. It provided meat and wool, and helped transport goods. | 13 |
