Unit 11
Terms : Hide Images
| 361497109 | Innate immunity | Relies on recognition & responses rely on shared pathogen traits | |
| 361497110 | Barrier defenses | Skin and mucous membranes. Physical and acidic secretions. | |
| 361497111 | Lysozyme | an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria | |
| 361497112 | cellular innate defenses | combat pathogens that get through skin. Include leukocytes & antimicrobial proteins` | |
| 361497113 | Neutrophils | white blood cells (WBC) that ingest & destroy microbes through phagocytosis | |
| 361497114 | Monocytes | phagocytic WBC that migrate into tissues & develop into macrophages | |
| 361497115 | Macrophage | giant phagocyte | |
| 361497116 | Eosinophils | WBC that defends against parasites by moving next to the parasite and releasing hydrolytic enzymes | |
| 361497117 | Antimicrobial proteins | interferons and complement system | |
| 361497118 | interferon | protein produced by cells in response to being infected by a virus; helps other cells resist the virus | |
| 361497119 | complement system | 30ish proteins that help with immunity like to lyse invading cells | |
| 361497120 | inflammatory response | triggered by damage to tissue by physical injury/entry of pathogens. Lots of chemical signals released | |
| 361497121 | histamines | released by basophils & mast cells in response to injury to trigger dilation & permeation. Basically lets in room for the ambulances. | |
| 361497122 | Natural killer (NK) cells | help recognize & remove diseased cells | |
| 361497123 | Acquired immunity | Lymphocyte receptors provide pathogen-specific recognition | |
| 361497124 | antigens | foreign molecules that elicit response by lymphocytes. B & T cells recognize them by specific receptors | |
| 361497125 | B cells | made in bone marrow. Receptors bind to intact antigens | |
| 361497126 | T cells | made in thymus. Receptors bind to antigens that are displayed by antigen- presenting cells (APCs) on their MHCs | |
| 361497127 | antibodies | proteins that are secreted by B cells during immune response | |
| 361497128 | B/T cell activation | antigen binds to a B/T cell | |
| 361497129 | Clonal selection | B cell makes 2 clones of cells to make thousands of cells all specific to fight antigen | |
| 361497130 | effector cells | combat the antigen | |
| 361497131 | memory cells | live long, bear receptors for same antigen so that they can quickly respond and fight infections | |
| 361497132 | MHCs | Major histocompatibility complex molecules. proteins that are made from a certain group of genes | |
| 361497133 | Class I MHC | found in almost all cells in body except RBCs | |
| 361497134 | Class II MHC | made by dendritic cells, macrophages, & B Cells | |
| 361497135 | Primary immune response | occurs when body is first exposed to an antigen & WBC is activated | |
| 361497136 | Secondary immune response | when same antigen is encountered later. Faster & greater magnitude | |
| 361497137 | Humoral immune response | immune response by B cells. Make antibodies | |
| 361497138 | Cell-mediated immune response | immune response by T cells. Identify & destroy infected cells | |
| 361497139 | Helper T cells | aid both humoral and cell-mediated responses by increasing the activity of killer cells and stimulating the suppressor T cells by secreting cytokines | |
| 361497140 | cytotoxic T cells | destroy infected body cells. Are CD8 T cells. | |
| 361497141 | Modes of antibody action | neutralization, opsonization, lysis | |
| 361497142 | Neutralization | antibodies bind the pathogen's surface proteins, which also prevents it from entering & infecting cells | |
| 361497143 | opsonization | Results in increased phagocytosis of the antigen | |
| 361497144 | lysis | caused by activation of the complement system | |
| 361497145 | Active Immunity | develops naturally in response to an infection. Can also develop from vaccines. | |
| 361497146 | Passive Immunity | occurs when person receives antibodies like fetus from placenta and infants via milk | |
| 361497147 | MHC molecules | responsible for rejections of tissue/organ transplants. These molecules must match for success of transplants. | |
| 361497148 | Allergies | overreaction of the immune system to antigens | |
| 361497149 | Autoimmune diseases | Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis Immune system turns against particular molecules in body and damages the body's healthy cells | |
| 361497150 | HIV | infects helper T cells |
