Hormones & Endocrine System
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| 636616728 | anterior pituitary | Also called the adenohypophysis, it consists of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete several hormones directly into the blood. | |
| 636616729 | antidiuretic hormone | A hormone that is part of an elaborate feedback scheme that helps regulate the osmolarity of the blood. | |
| 636616730 | calcitonin | A mammalian thyroid hormone that lowers blood calcium levels. | |
| 636616731 | ecdysone | A steroid hormone that triggers molting in arthropods. | |
| 636616732 | endocrine gland | A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream. | |
| 636616733 | endocrine system | The internal system of chemical communication involving hormones, the ductless glands that secrete hormones, and the molecular receptors on or in target cells that respond to hormones; functions in concert with the nervous system to effect internal regulation and maintain homeostasis. | |
| 636616734 | epinephrine | A hormone produced as a response to stress; also called adrenaline. | |
| 636616735 | estrogens | The primary female steroid sex hormones, which are produced in the ovary by the developing follicle during the first half of the cycle and in smaller quantities by the corpus luteum during the second half. stimulate the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. | |
| 636616736 | follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | A protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the production of eggs by the ovaries and sperm by the testes. | |
| 636616737 | glucagon | A peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin. | |
| 636616738 | glucocorticoid | A corticosteroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that influences glucose metabolism and immune function. | |
| 636616739 | growth hormone | A protein of about 200 amino acids that affects a wide variety of target tissues and has both direct effects and tropic effects. | |
| 636616740 | hormone | Any one of the many circulating chemical signals found in all multicellular organisms that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and coordinate the various parts of the organism by interacting with target cells. | |
| 636616741 | hypothalamus | The ventral part of the vertebrate forebrain; functions in maintaining homeostasis, especially in coordinating the endocrine and nervous systems; secretes hormones of the posterior pituitary and releasing factors, which regulate the anterior pituitary. | |
| 636616742 | insulin | A vertebrate hormone that lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose by most body cells and the synthesis and storage of glycogen in the liver; also stimulates protein and fat synthesis; secreted by endocrine cells of the pancreas called islets of Langerhans. | |
| 636616743 | juvenile hormone (JH) | A hormone in arthropods, secreted by the corpora allata glands, that promotes the retention of larval characteristics. | |
| 636616744 | melatonin | A modified amino acid hormone secreted by the pineal gland. | |
| 636616745 | negative feedback | A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation. | |
| 636616746 | neurosecretory cells | Hypothalamus cells that receive signals from other nerve cells, but instead of signaling to an adjacent nerve cell or muscle, they release hormones into the bloodstream. | |
| 636616747 | oxytocin | A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It induces contractions of the uterine muscles and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing. | |
| 636616748 | pancreas | A gland with dual functions: The nonendocrine portion secretes digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution into the small intestine via a duct; the endocrine portion secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon into the blood. | |
| 636616749 | parathyroid glands | Four endocrine glands, embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland, that secrete ___ hormone and raise blood calcium levels. | |
| 636616750 | parathyroid hormone (PTH) | A peptide hormone secreted by the glands embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland, that raise blood calcium level. | |
| 636616751 | pineal gland | A small endocrine gland on the dorsal surface of the vertebrate forebrain; secretes the hormone melatonin, which regulates body functions related to seasonal day length. | |
| 636616752 | pituitary gland | An endocrine gland at the base of the hypothalamus; consists of a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), which stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus, and an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), which produces and secretes many hormones that regulate diverse body functions. | |
| 636616753 | posterior pituitary | An extension of the hypothalamus composed of nervous tissue that secretes hormones made in the hypothalamus; a temporary storage site for hypothalamic hormones. | |
| 636616754 | signal-transduction pathway | A mechanism linking a mechanical or chemical stimulus to a specific cellular response. | |
| 636616755 | testosterone | The most abundant androgen hormone in the male body. | |
| 636616756 | thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that regulates the release of thyroid hormones. | |
| 636616757 | tropic hormone | A hormone that has another endocrine gland as a target. |
