Campbell
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| 378152257 | asexual reproduction | reproduction without the fusion of gametes | 0 | |
| 378152258 | sexual reproduction | reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete | 1 | |
| 378152259 | ovum | the female reproductive cell | 2 | |
| 378152260 | spermatozoon | the male reproductive cell | 3 | |
| 378152261 | fission | reproduction of some unicellular organisms by division of the cell into two more or less equal parts | 4 | |
| 378152262 | budding | asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism | 5 | |
| 378152263 | regeneration | growth a new of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs | 6 | |
| 378152264 | gemmules | Internal buds formed in some fresh water sponges during a drought or cold weather: a food-filled ball of amebocytes surrounded by a protective coat | 7 | |
| 378152265 | parthenogenesis | process in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual | 8 | |
| 378152266 | hermaphroditism | A condition in which an individual has both female and male gonads and functions as both a male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs. | 9 | |
| 378152267 | sequential hermaphroditism | individual reverses sex during its lifetime. protogynous (female first) or protandrous (male first). ex. wrasses (reef fishes). | 10 | |
| 378152268 | protandrous | male first then female | 11 | |
| 378152269 | protogynous | female first then male | 12 | |
| 378152270 | external fertilization | the process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female | 13 | |
| 378152271 | internal fertilization | Process in which eggs are fertilized inside the female's body | 14 | |
| 378152272 | pheromones | Chemicals secreted by animal species that influence the behavior of other animals of the same species | 15 | |
| 378152273 | gonads | reproductive glands-male, testes; female, ovaries | 16 | |
| 378152274 | cloaca | a muscular cavity at the end of the large intestine through which digestive wastes, urine, and eggs or sperm leave the body, found in many nonmammalian vertebrates but in few mammals. | 17 | |
| 378152275 | spermatheca | found in many insects, in which sperm is stored during copulation | 18 | |
| 378152276 | seminiferous tubules | Small convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place. | 19 | |
| 378152277 | testes | The male gonads, which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones. | 20 | |
| 378152278 | Leydig cells | A cell that produces testosterone and other androgens and is located between the seminiferous tubules of the testes. | 21 | |
| 378152279 | scrotum | the external pouch that contains the testes | 22 | |
| 378152280 | epididymus | structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm are fully matured and are stored | 23 | |
| 378152281 | ejaculation | the discharge of semen in males | 24 | |
| 378152282 | vas deferens | a duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct | 25 | |
| 378152283 | ejaculatory duct | a part of the seminal duct formed by the duct from the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens | 26 | |
| 378152284 | semen | the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract | 27 | |
| 378152285 | seminal vesicles | two small glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that nourishes and helps sperm move | 28 | |
| 378152286 | prostrate gland | A gland within the male reproductive system that is located just below the bladder., produces a secretion designed to neutralize acids in the female's reproductive system | 29 | |
| 378152287 | bulbourethral gland | either of two glands that discharge a component of seminal fluid into the urethra | 30 | |
| 378152288 | penis | the male organ that transfers sperm to a female and that carries urine out of the body. | 31 | |
| 378152289 | baculum | A bone that is contained in, and helps stiffen, the penis of rodents, raccoons, walruses, and several other mammals. | 32 | |
| 378152290 | ovaries | located one on each side of the uterus in the female pelvis, functioning to secrete estrogen and progesterone, organs that produce eggs | 33 | |
| 378152291 | follicles | clusters of cells surrounding a single egg. Its function is to help an egg mature for release into the reproductive tract, where it can be fertilized | 34 | |
| 378152292 | ovulation | the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary (usually midway in the menstrual cycle) | 35 | |
| 378152293 | corpus luteum | yellow endocrine tissue that forms in a ruptured Graafian follicle following the release of an ovum | 36 | |
| 378152294 | oviduct | either of a pair of tubes conducting the egg from the ovary to the uterus | 37 | |
| 378152295 | uterus | a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females | 38 | |
| 378152296 | endometrium | inner lining of the uterus | 39 | |
| 378152297 | cervix | necklike opening to the uterus | 40 | |
| 378152298 | vagina | the lower part of the female reproductive tract | 41 | |
| 378152299 | hymen | a fold of tissue that partly covers the entrance to the vagina of a virgin | 42 | |
| 378152300 | vestibule | any of various bodily cavities leading to another cavity (as in the vagina) | 43 | |
| 378152301 | labia majora | two large folds of fatty tissue that are covered with hair on their outer surfaces; they enclose and protect the vagina | 44 | |
| 378152302 | labia minora | Smaller pair of skin folds that protect the vaginal opening | 45 | |
| 378152303 | clitoris | a female sexual organ homologous to the penis, organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra | 46 | |
| 378152304 | batholin's gland | two smal glands located one on each side of the vaginal opening | 47 | |
| 378152305 | mammary glands | specialized organs in mammals that produce milk to nourish the young | 48 | |
| 378152306 | vasocongestion | Engorgement of blood vessels. | 49 | |
| 378152307 | myotonia | abnormally long muscular contractions | 50 | |
| 378152308 | coitus | the act of sexual procreation between a man and a woman | 51 | |
| 378152309 | orgasm | the moment of most intense pleasure in sexual intercourse | 52 | |
| 378152310 | spermatogonia | The diploid cells in a testis that can give rise to primary spermatocytes. | 53 | |
| 378152311 | acrosome | a process at the anterior end of a sperm cell that produces enzymes to facilitate penetration of the egg | 54 | |
| 378152312 | oogenesis | the production, growth, and maturation of an egg, or ovum | 55 | |
| 378152313 | oogonia | the primitive stem cells that begin oogenesis. during fetal development, these undergo mitosis thousands of times until their number reaches two million or more | 56 | |
| 378152314 | primary oocytes | Diploid cells resulting from the activation of anoogoium; primary oocytes are ready to enter meiosis I. remember: cyte means ready to undergo meiosi | 57 | |
| 378152315 | menstrual cycles | monthly cycles that revolve around the elimination of the lining of the uterus when the egg has not been fertilized | 58 | |
| 378152316 | menstruation | the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause | 59 | |
| 378152317 | estrous cycles | other mammals have this, no menstrual cycle, they reabsorb the endometrium and no extensive fluid flow occurs | 60 | |
| 378152318 | estrus | AKA heat, applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or period of heightened sexual arousal and activity | 61 | |
| 378152319 | menstrual flow phase | the portion of the uterine cycle when menstrual bleeding occcurs | 62 | |
| 378152320 | proliferative phase | The second phase of the uterine (endometrial) cycle, during which the endometrium (shed off during menstration is rebuilt). This phase of the cycle is under the control of estrogen, secreted from the follicle developing in the ovary during this time period. The proliferative phase typically lasts from day 6 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle. | 63 | |
| 378152321 | secretory phase | The third phase of the uterin (endometrial) cycle, during which the rebuilt endometrium is enhanced with glycogen and lipid stores. The secretory phase is primarily under the controll of progestone and estrogen (secreted from the copus luteum during this time period), adn typically lasts from day 15 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle. | 64 | |
| 378152322 | ovarian cycle | The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to events in the ovary. The ovarian cycle has three subphases: the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. | 65 | |
| 378152323 | follicular phase | The first phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary, and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle. The follicle secretes estrogen during this time period. | 66 | |
| 378152324 | ovulation | the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary (usually midway in the menstrual cycle) | 67 | |
| 378152325 | luteal phase | the second half of the menstrual cycle after ovulation | 68 | |
| 378152326 | menopause | the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines. | 69 | |
| 378152327 | embryos | animals in their earliest stages of growth, before they are born | 70 | |
| 378152328 | conception | the act of becoming pregnant | 71 | |
| 378152329 | pregnancy | AKA gestation, Condition in a female of having a developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks | 72 | |
| 378152330 | trimester | the division of the gestational development into three, three month intervals; the most important developmental events occur in the first trimester | 73 | |
| 378152331 | cleavage | the repeated division of a fertilized ovum | 74 | |
| 378152332 | blastocyst | A fluid-filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the endometrium of the uterus. | 75 | |
| 378152333 | placenta | the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus | 76 | |
| 378152334 | organogenesis | process of organ formation that takes place during the first two months of prenatal development | 77 | |
| 378152335 | fetus | an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal | 78 | |
| 378152336 | human chorionic gonadotropin | AKA HCG, produced early in pregnancy by the placenta, stimulates the corpus luteum to grow and secrete estrogen and progesterone at a higher rate; pregnancy tests work by detecting this in women's urine | 79 | |
| 378152337 | labor | concluding state of pregnancy | 80 | |
| 378152338 | parturition | AKA birth, Childbirth | 81 | |
| 378152339 | lactation | the production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands | 82 | |
| 378152340 | rhythm method | AKA natural family planning, a form of birth control where intercourse is timed so that it does not occur on or around the days when the egg might be available for fertilization | 83 | |
| 378152341 | barrier methods | Contraceptive methods that physically or chemically obstruct the travel of sperm toward the ovum. These devices do not alter body processes with drugs or devices. | 84 | |
| 378152342 | condoms | a rubber or latex sheath that covers the penis during sexual intercourse, protects from pregnancy, certain STD's and HIV. | 85 | |
| 378152343 | diaphragms | A contraceptive barrier, diaphragms require a prescription from a health care provider, a woman must be fitted for the correct size before she uses the device. A spermicide is applied to the diaphragm before use. The diaphragm can be inserted up to 6 hours before intercourse and should be left in place for at least 6 hours after the last act of intercourse. | 86 | |
| 378152344 | birth control pills | a series of pills containing compounds similar to hormones that regulate the female menstrual cycle | 87 | |
| 378152345 | tubal ligation | Surgical tying off of the fallopian tubes to prevent conception from taking place. Results in sterilization of the female. | 88 | |
| 378152346 | vasectomy | surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization) | 89 | |
| 378152347 | fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell | 90 | |
| 378152348 | zygote | the cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon (including the organism that develops from that cell) | 91 |
