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Ch 4: Developing Through the Life Span

VOcab words

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33749804zygotethe fertilized egg; it enters a two-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
33749805embryothe developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the second month
33749806fetusThe developing human or organism from nine weeks after conceptoion to birth
33749807Teratogensagnets, such as chemical and virus, they can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal devlopment cause harm
33970174Prenatal development1. Zygote 2. Embryo 3. Fetus
33970175Fetal alcohol syndromePhysical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking.
33970176Fetal alcohol syndrome (serious cases)In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions.
33970177Rooting reflexA baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple.
33970178HabituationDecreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As intense gains familiarity with his exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.
33970179MaturationBiological growth process that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.
33970180SchemaA concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
33970181AssimilationInterpreting one's new experience in terms of one existing schemas.
33970182AccommodationAdapting one's current understandings [schema] to incorporate new information.
33970183CognitionAll the mental light to that is associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
33970184Sensorimotor stageIn Piaget's theory, the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. Birth to about two years of age
33970185Object permanenceThe awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.
33970186Preoperational stageIn Piaget's theory, the stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. From about two years of age to six or seven years of age.
33970187ConservationThe principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in forms of objects. Piaget believed this to be part of the concrete operational reasoning.
33970188Theory of mindPeoples ideas about their own and others' mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict.
33970189AutismA disorder that appears in childhood and is more quite efficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of other states of mind.
33970190Concrete operational stageIn Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.
33970191Formal operational stageIn Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts. Normaly starting about age 12.
33970192Stranger anxietyThe fear of strangers that infants calmly display, beginning by about eight months of age.
33970193AttachmentAn emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.
33970194Critical periodAn optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.
33970195ImprintingThe process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.
33970196Basic trustAccording to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.
33970197Self-conceptA sense of one's identity and personal worth.
33970198AdolescentsThe transition period from childhood to adulthood extending from puberty to independence.
33970199Primary sex characteristicsThe body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that makes sexual reproduction possible.
33970200Secondary Sex CharacteristicsNonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair.
33970201MenarcheFirst menstrual period
33970202IdentityOne's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.
33970693IntimacyIn Erikson's theory, the ability to form loving relationships; a primary development task in late adolescence and early adulthood.
33970694MenopauseThe time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers the biological change a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.
33970695Alzheimer's diseaseA progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, the physical functioning.
33970696Cross-sectional studyA study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.
33970697Longitudinal studyResearch in which the same people are restudy then retested over a long period.
33970698Crystallized intelligenceOne's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.
33970699Fluid intelligenceOne's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.
33970700LoveIntimacy, attachment, commitment - lulled by whatever name - is central to healthy and happy adulthood.

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