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| 4307440852 | Language | A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning |  | 0 |
| 4307440853 | Literary tradition | A language that is written as well as spoken; system of written communication. NOT all languages have this. |  | 1 |
| 4307440854 | Norman invasion | Began in 1066 with the invasion of the Kingdom of England by the troops of William, Duke of Normandy, and his victory at the Battle of Hastings. This resulted in french being the official language for 150 years after, despite the fact that most people could not understand it. |  | 2 |
| 4307440855 | official language | In multilingual countries the language selected, often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion; usually the language of the courts and government, should be understood by majority of citizens but might not be. |  | 3 |
| 4307440856 | English | The language that is the official language of 42 languages(The most) and is spoken by half a billion people. However almost 1/3 of the people on Earth live in a place where it is an official language. | 4 | |
| 4307440857 | Noah Webster | Creator of the 1st comprehensive American dictionary and grammar book. His quest was to set American English apart from British English and involved taking "u"'s off ans substituting "s" for c. Major reason why American spelling is different from British spelling, |  | 5 |
| 4307440858 | German invasion | Around A.D. 450 , tribes from _________ (mainly) and Denmark invaded England. They consisted of the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons. Was the beginning of English. Divergence form German because of invasions of the French and Vikings. | 6 | |
| 4307440859 | King John | During the reign of this English Monarch, England lost control of Normandy and entered into a period of conflict with France. Same guy who signed Magna Carta. |  | 7 |
| 4307440860 | Statue of Pleading | The 1362 law enacted by Parliament to change the official language of court business in England from French to English. | 8 | |
| 4307440861 | Dialect | A regional variation of a language which reflects environmental features and that is distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. Usually speakers of one _______ can understand each other. | 9 | |
| 4307440862 | Standard Language | In a language that has multiple dialects, one dialect may be accepted as the __________ ___________. For example: Mandarin Chinese is the _________ _________ of Chinese, but there are 100's of regional dialects. | 10 | |
| 4307440863 | British received pronunciation | Denoted BRP, This is the standard language of British speech. It is used by politicians, actors, and broadcasters and is associated with upper-class people in London. | 11 | |
| 4307440864 | Norman Invasion | The invasion of England in 1066, by William the Conqueror is called the _________ _______. Came from the Normandy region of France and made French the official language of elite in England, which lead to a further divergence of English from German. | 12 | |
| 4307440865 | language family | A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. | 13 | |
| 4307440866 | language branch | A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that these derived from the same family. | 14 | |
| 4307440867 | Indo-European | A family of languages consisting of most of the languages of Europe as well as those of Iran, the Indian subcontinent, and other parts of Asia, 50% of people on Earth speak this, most of language families. |  | 15 |
| 4307440868 | language group | A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary. | 16 | |
| 4307440869 | Indo-Iranian | The branch of the Indo-European language family with the most speakers, Persian, Hindi, Gujarati etc/ |  | 17 |
| 4307440870 | High German | The literary and official language used throughout Germany and Austria is called ________ ________ because it originated in mountainous regions of Germany. | 18 | |
| 4307440871 | Bato-Slavic | A branch of the Indo European family of language, include languages like Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Serbian. |  | 19 |
| 4307440872 | Romance branch | Thepart of indo-european family; Is clustered in southwestern Europe and Latin America (french, Spanish, Italian) | 20 | |
| 4307440873 | Catalan | This Romance language is spoken by 10 million people primarily in Northeastern Spain, Andorra, and parts of Southern France and Sardinia. |  | 21 |
| 4307440874 | vulgar latin | A form of Latin used in daily conversation by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documents. | 22 | |
| 4307440875 | creolized language | A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. Example: French Creole in Haiti. | 23 | |
| 4307440876 | Kurgan hearth | Indo-European peoples arrived in the 4th millennium BC across the steppes north of the Black Sea. A warlike people, they imposed themselves as an elite on the Old European populations, who adopted their language. The hypothesis that Indo-European speakers reached Europe from the Pontic steppes in the Bronze Age. | 24 | |
| 4307440877 | Sino-Tibetan | A language composed of the Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages. They are 2nd behind Indo-European in number of native speakers. 20% of people speak these languages . |  | 25 |
| 4307440878 | Austronesian | A large language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. |  | 26 |
| 4307440879 | Niger-Congo | A language family which includes most of the languages of sub-Saharan Africa, including Swahili, Yoruba, and Zulu. Largest language family in Africa. | 27 | |
| 4307440880 | Dravidian | Speakers of a language group found in India since earliest times; mostly spoken in South India today. |  | 28 |
| 4307440881 | Afro-Asiatic | A large family of related languages spoken both in Asia and Africa, about 250 languages includes semitic languages ,Egyptian - [now extinct]; and is most common in north Africa, northeast Africa, and north parts of central Africa. | 29 | |
| 4307440882 | ideograms | The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or concept rather than a specific sound, as is the case with letters in English. |  | 30 |
| 4307440883 | Uralic languages | Includes Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian; not Indo-European, first used 7,00 years ago. |  | 31 |
| 4307440884 | Altaic languages | A proposed language family that is held by its proponents to include the Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, and possibly the Japonic language families and the Korean language isolate These languages are spoken in a wide arc stretching from northeast Asia through Central Asia to Anatolia and eastern Europe.The group is named after the Altai Mountains, a mountain range in Central Asia. |  | 32 |
| 4307440885 | Afrikaans | A language developed in Southern Africa; a mix of Dutch, Khoisan, Bantu, and Malay |  | 33 |
| 4307440886 | Hebrew | The ancient Canaanitic language of the Hebrews that has been revived as the official language of Israel, was extinct. |  | 34 |
| 4307440887 | Celtic | A branch of the Indo-European languages that (judging from inscriptions and place names) was spread widely over Europe in the pre-Christian era, is endangered and only survives in remote areas of scotland, Wales, and Ireland. |  | 35 |
| 4307440888 | Cornish | A revived Celtic language that has been argued over spelling phonetically or how it's always been spelled. | 36 | |
| 4307440889 | Multilingual States | Countries in which more than one language is in use, Like Switzerland which has 4 different official languages through its decentralized government. | 37 | |
| 4307440890 | isolated language | A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family. | 38 | |
| 4307440891 | Basque | An ethnic group living the western Pyrenees and along the Bay of Biscay in Spain and France, also the name of their language. Pre- Indo European survivor language. |  | 39 |
| 4307440892 | Icelandic | A North Germanic West Scandinavian language that is the official language of Iceland; closely related to Norweigan, has changed the least of a ll the Germanic languages. | 40 | |
| 4307440893 | lingua franca | A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages. | 41 | |
| 4307440894 | pidgin language | A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages. | 42 | |
| 4307440895 | Ebonics | A dialect of English that has its roots in West African, Caribbean, and US slave languages, , a nonstandard form of American English spoken by some Black people in the United States |  | 43 |
| 4307440896 | Franglais | A term used by the French for English words that have entered the French language, a combination of franfais and anglai." the French words for "French" and "English," respectively. |  | 44 |
| 4307440897 | Spanglish | A combination between Spanish and English spoken by communities in USA with Mexican descent. An example the word beeper (phone) is translated to biper is spanish. Same word and meaning. |  | 45 |
| 4307440898 | Denglish | Combination of German and English dialect distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. |  | 46 |
