AP Bio Campbell
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| 217962446 | polymer | large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together | |
| 217962447 | monomer | a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers | |
| 217962448 | condensation reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule | |
| 217962449 | dehydration reaction | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. | |
| 217962450 | hydrolysis | a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds | |
| 217962451 | monosaccharide | a simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate | |
| 217962452 | disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. | |
| 217962453 | polysaccharide | long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers | |
| 217962454 | glycosidic linkage | A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction. | |
| 217962455 | glycogen | An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. | |
| 217962456 | cellulose | a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers | |
| 217962457 | fatty acid | with glycerol, make up the building blocks of lipids | |
| 217962458 | triglyceride | 3 fatty acids (chains of hydrocarbons) bonded to a glycerol, most fats are eaten and absorbed in this form, carbohydrate | |
| 217962459 | saturated fatty acid | A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that are attached to the carbon skeleton. | |
| 217962460 | unsaturated fatty acid | has one or more double bonds, formed by the removal of hydrogen atoms from the carbon skeleton | |
| 217962461 | phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes | |
| 217962462 | cholesterol | a type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor part of fat in foods | |
| 217962463 | steroid | a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action | |
| 217962464 | conformation | The specific three dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule | |
| 217962465 | polypeptide | a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acids | |
| 217962466 | amino acids | building blocks of proteins | |
| 217962467 | peptide bond | covalent bond formed between amino acids | |
| 217962468 | primary structure | The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain. | |
| 217962469 | secondary structure | The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain. | |
| 217962470 | tertiary structure | The third level of protein structure; the overall, three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain. | |
| 217962471 | quaternary structure | The fourth level of protein structure; the shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits. | |
| 217962472 | alpha helix | A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure. | |
| 217962473 | pleated sheet | One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth, or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds. | |
| 217962474 | hydrophobic interaction | A type of weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water coalesce to exclude the water. | |
| 217962475 | disulfide bridges | Strong covalent bonds formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer | |
| 217962476 | chaperone proteins | Proteins that help another protein fold properly; elevated levels of this protein are found when the cell is exposed to elevated temperatures | |
| 217962477 | DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics | |
| 217962478 | nucleotides | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base | |
| 217962479 | pyrimidine | a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil | |
| 217962480 | purine | a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine | |
| 217962481 | ribose | a five-carbon monosaccharide found in RNA | |
| 217962482 | deoxyribose | a five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides | |
| 217962483 | double helix | The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape. |
