From the AP Edition of World Civilizations: The Global Experience (Fifth Edition) is Chapter 6 Vocabulary. It is for my AP World History class at East Career & Technical Academy.
Terms : Hide Images
| 36509126 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. | 0 | |
| 36509127 | Shaykhs | Leaders of tribes and clans within bedouin society; usually men with large herds, several wives, and many children | 1 | |
| 36509128 | Mecca | City located in mountainous region along Red Sea in Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of Ka'ba; orginal home of Muhammad; location of cheif religious pilgramage point in Islam | 2 | |
| 36509129 | Medina | Also known as Yathrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca | 3 | |
| 36509130 | Umayyad | Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam | 4 | |
| 36509131 | Ka'ba | Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus on obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam | 5 | |
| 36509132 | Quran | Recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam | 6 | |
| 36509133 | Umma | Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity | 7 | |
| 36509134 | Zakat | Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims | 8 | |
| 36509135 | 5 Pillars | The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj | 9 | |
| 36509136 | Caliph | The political and religious successor to Muhammad | 10 | |
| 36509137 | Ali | Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a. | 11 | |
| 36509138 | Abu Bakr | Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death. | 12 | |
| 36509139 | Ridda | wars that followed muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored unity of Islam | 13 | |
| 36509140 | Jihad | Struggle; often used for wars in defense of the faith | 14 | |
| 36509141 | Uthman | Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan | 15 | |
| 36509142 | Siffin | fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party | 16 | |
| 36509143 | Mu'awiya | Leader of Umayyad clan; first Umayyad caliph following civil war with Ali | 17 | |
| 36509144 | Sunnis | political and theological division within Islam; supported the Umayyads | 18 | |
| 36509145 | Shi'a | Also known as Shiites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali | 19 | |
| 36509146 | Karbala | Site of defeat and death of Husayn, son of Ali; marked beginning of Shi'a resistance to Umayyad caliphate | 20 | |
| 36509147 | Mawali | Non-Arab converts to Islam | 21 | |
| 36509148 | Jizya | Head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories | 22 | |
| 36509149 | Dhimmis | literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus | 23 | |
| 36509150 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the ummayyads as caliphs within islam; came to power in 750 CE | 24 | |
| 36509151 | Wazir | Chief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate; initially recruited from Persian provinces of empire. | 25 | |
| 36509152 | Ayan | a wealthy and deeply entrenched landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule | 26 | |
| 36509153 | Islam | Major world religion having its origins in 610 CE in the Arabian peninsula; meaning literally submission; based on prophecy of Mohammad | 27 | |
| 36509154 | Damascus | Syrian city that was capital of Umayyad caliphate | 28 | |
| 36509155 | Muslims | those who practice the religion of Islam; believe in one God, and the prophet Muhammad whom they believe God spoke through | 29 | |
| 36509156 | Muhammad | Prophet of Islam; born C 570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by father's family; recieved revalations from Alliah in 610 CE and thereafter; died in 632 | 30 | |
| 36509157 | Hajj | A Muslim's pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, to worship Allah at the Ka'ba | 31 | |
| 36509158 | Baghdad | Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon | 32 |
