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| 948634114 | Second Continental Congress (1775-1781) | Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies. Drafted the Declaration of Independence and managed the colonial war effort. | 0 | |
| 948634115 | Battle of Bunker Hill (1775) | June 1775: Fought on the outskirts of Boston, on Breed's Hill, the nettle ended in the colonial militia's retreat at a heavy cost to the British. | 1 | |
| 948634116 | Olive Branch Petition (1775) | July 1775: Conciliatory measure adopted by the Continental Congress professing American loyalty and seeking an end to the hostilities. King George rejected the petition and proclaimed the colonies in rebellion. | 2 | |
| 948634117 | Hessians | German troops hired nu from their priced by George III to aid in putting down the colonial insurrection. This hardened the resolve of American colonists, who resented the use of paid foreign fights. | 3 | |
| 948634118 | Common Sense (1776) | Thomas Paine's pamphlet urging the colonies to declare independence and establish a republican government. The widely read pamphlet helped convince colonist to support the Revolution. | 4 | |
| 948634119 | Declaration of Independence (1776) | July 4, 1776: Formal pronouncement of Independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson and approved of by Congress. The declaration allowed the colonists to appeal for foreign aid and served as an inspiration for later revolutionary movements worldwide. | 5 | |
| 948634120 | Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) | Declaration of rights adopted during the French Revolution. Modeled after the American Declaration of Independence. | 6 | |
| 948634121 | Loyalists | American colonists who opposed the Revolution and maintained their loyalty to the King; sometimes refered to as "Torries." | 7 | |
| 948634122 | Patriots | Colonists who supported the American Revolution; they were also known as "Whigs." | 8 | |
| 948634123 | Battle of Long Island (1776) | August 1776: Battle for the control of New York. British troops overwhelmed colonial militias and retained control of the city for most of the war. | 9 | |
| 948634124 | Battle of Trenton (1776) | December 1776: George Washington surprised and captured a garrison of sleeping German Hessians, raising the morale of his crestfallen army and setting the stage for his victory at Princeton one week later. | 10 | |
| 948634125 | Battle of Saratoga (1777) | October 1777: Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York, which helped secure French support for the Revolutionary cause. | 11 | |
| 948634126 | Model Treaty (1776) | 1776: Sample treaty drafted by the Continental Congress as a guide for American diplomats. Reflected the Americans' desire to foster commercial partnerships rather than political ir military entanglements. | 12 | |
| 948634127 | Armed Neutrality (1780) | Loose alliance of nonbelligerent naval powers, organized by Russia's Catherine the Great, to protect neutral trading rights during the war for American Independence. | 13 | |
| 948634128 | Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784) | Treaty signed by the United States and the pro-British Iroquois granting the Ohio country to the Americans. | 14 | |
| 948634129 | Privateers | Privately owned armed ships authorized by Congress to prey on enemy shipping during the Revolutionary War. Privateers, more numerous that the tiny colonial navy, inflicted heavy damage on British shippers. | 15 | |
| 948634130 | Battle of Yorktown (1781) | October 1781: George Washington, with the aid of the French, besieged Cornwallis at Yorktown, while the French naval fleet prevent British reinforcements from coming ashore. Cornwallis surrendered, dealing a heavy blow to the British war effort and paving the way for an eventual peace. | 16 | |
| 948634131 | Treaty of Paris (1783) | Peace treaty signed by Britain and the United States ending the Revolutionary War. The British formally recognized American independence and ceded territory east o the Mississippi while Americans, in turn, promised to restore Loyalist property and repay debts to British creditors. | 17 | |
| 948634132 | Ethan Allen | He was a farmer; businessman; land speculator; philosopher; writer; and American Revolutionary War patriot, hero, and politician. He is best known as one of the founders of the U.S. state of Vermont, and for the capture of Fort Ticonderoga early in the American Revolutionary War. | 18 | |
| 948634133 | Benedict Arnold | He was a general during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Army but defected to the British Army. While a general on the American side, he obtained command of the fort at West Point, New York, and planned to surrender it to the British forces. After the plan was exposed in September 1780, he was commissioned into the British Army as a brigadier general. | 19 | |
| 948634134 | Richard Montgomery | He was an Irish-born soldier who first served in the British Army. He later became a Major General in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War and is most famous for leading the failed 1775 invasion of Canada. | 20 | |
| 948634135 | Thomas Paine | He was an English-American political activist, author, political theorist and revolutionary. As the author of two highly influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution, he inspired the Patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Britain. His ideas reflected Enlightenment era rhetoric of transnational human rights. He has been called "a corset-maker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination." | 21 | |
| 948634136 | Richard Henry Lee | He was an American statesman from Virginia best known for the motion in the Second Continental Congress calling for the colonies' independence from Great Britain. He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation and his famous resolution of June 1776 led to the United States Declaration of Independence, which Lee signed. He also served a one-year term as the President of the Continental Congress, and was a United States Senator from Virginia from 1789 to 1792, serving during part of that time as one of the first Presidents pro tempore. | 22 | |
| 948634137 | Lord Charles Cornwallis | was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. In the United States and the United Kingdom he is best remembered as one of the leading British generals in the American War of Independence. His surrender in 1781 to a combined American and French force at the Siege of Yorktown ended significant hostilities in North America. | 23 | |
| 948634138 | William Howe | He was a British army officer who rose to become Commander-in-Chief of British forces during the American War of Independence. | 24 | |
| 948634139 | John Burgoyne | He was a British army officer, politician and dramatist. He first saw action during the Seven Years' War when he participated in several battles, mostly notably during the Portugal Campaign of 1762. Burgoyne is best known for his role in the American War of Independence. During the Saratoga campaign he surrendered his army of 5,000 men to the American troops on October 17, 1777. | 25 | |
| 948634141 | Benjamin Franklin | He Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, musician, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'.[1] He facilitated many civic organizations, including a fire department and a university. | 26 | |
| 948634142 | Comte de Rochambeau | He was a French nobleman and general who played a major role in helping America win independence during the American Revolution. During this time, he served as commander-in-chief of the French Expeditionary Force which embarked from France in order to help the American Continental Army fight against British forces. | 27 | |
| 948634143 | Nathaneal Greene | He was a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War, known for his successful command in the Southern Campaign, forcing British general Charles Cornwallis to abandon the Carolinas and head for Virginia. When the war began, Greene was a militia private, the lowest rank possible; he emerged from the war with a reputation as George Washington's most gifted and dependable officer. | 28 | |
| 948634144 | Joseph Brant | He was a Mohawk military and political leader, based in present-day New York, who was closely associated with Great Britain during and after the American Revolution. Perhaps the American Indian of his generation best known to the Americans and British, he met many of the most significant Anglo-American people of the age, including both George Washington and King George III. Brant rose to prominence due to his education, abilities and his connections to British officials. | 29 | |
| 948634145 | George Rogers Clark | A soldier from Virginia and the highest ranking American military officer on the northwestern frontier during the American Revolutionary War. He served as leader of the Kentucky (then part of Virginia) militia throughout much of the war. Clark is best known for his celebrated captures of Kaskaskia (1778) and Vincennes (1779), which greatly weakened British influence in the Northwest Territory. Because the British ceded the entire Northwest Territory to the United States in the 1783 Treaty of Paris, Clark has often been hailed as the "Conqueror of the Old Northwest." | 30 | |
| 948634146 | Admiral de Grasse | He is best known for his command of the French fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake, which led directly to the British surrender at Yorktown. | 31 |
