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| Any of the alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects. | ||
| The percent, on average, of a population's loci that are heterozygous in members of the population. | ||
| Natural selection that maintains two or more phenotypic forms in a population. | ||
| Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions. Typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population. | ||
| A graded change in a character along a geographic axis. | ||
| Natural selection in which individuals at one end of the phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do other individuals. | ||
| Natural selection in which individuals on both extremes of a phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do individuals with intermediate phenotypes. | ||
| Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population. | ||
| A decline in the reproductive success of individuals that have a phenotype that has become too common in a population. | ||
| The transfer of alleles from one population to another, resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes. | ||
| The aggregate of all of the alleles for all of the loci in all individuals in a population. The term is also used in a more restricted sense as the aggregate of alleles for just one or a few loci in a population. | ||
| A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. Effects of genetic drift are most pronounced in small populations. | ||
| Differences between the gene pools of geographically separate populations or population subgroups. | ||
| The condition describing a nonevolving population (one that is in genetic equilibrium). | ||
| The principle that frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work. | ||
| Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared with homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in a gene pool. | ||
| Selection whereby individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates from individuals of the other sex; also called mate choice. | ||
| A direct competition among individuals of one sex (usually the males in vertebrates) for mates of the opposite sex. | ||
| Evolutionary change below the species level; change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations. | ||
| A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA, ultimately creating genetic diversity. Mutations also can occur in the DNA or RNA of a virus. | ||
| A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics. | ||
| Genetic variation that does not appear to provide a selective advantage or disadvantage. | ||
| A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair. | ||
| A localized group of individuals of the same species that can interbreed, producing fertile offspring. | ||
| A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the predicted results of random fertilization in genetic crosses. | ||
| A heritable feature that varies continuously over a range rather than in an either-or fashion. | ||
| An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote. | ||
| The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contributions of other individuals in the population. | ||
| Marked differences between the secondary sex characteristics of males and females. | ||
| A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates. | ||
| A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele that results in the substitution of a single amino acid in a globin polypeptide that is part of the hemoglobin protein; characterized by deformed red blood cells (due to protein aggregation) that can | ||
| Natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes survive or reproduce more successfully than do extreme phenotypes. |
