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chap 40 and 41

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59617236epithelial tissuecovers outside and inside, surface
59617237simplelayer type, one layer thick
59617238stratifiedlayer type, more than one layer thick
59617239cuboidalcells in cube shape
59617240columnarcells in long, narrow shape
59617241squamouscells look like pancakes
59617242connective tissuetissue for support
59617243collangeous fibersprevent tissues from ripping
59617244reticular fibersnetwork
59617245blood, bone, cartilage, adiposeloose tissues
59617246WBC, RBC, platelets, plasmalocated in blood tissue
59617247fight infectionWBC function
59617248transport oxygenRBC function
59617249blood clottingplatelets function
59617250boneloose tissue for support
59617251cartilageloose tissue for support, but flexible
59617252adiposeloose tissue for insulation, protection of organs
59617253cardiacheart muscle tissue
59617254striped, skeletal, voluntarystriated muscle tissue description
59617255no striations, involuntary, lining of organs and arteriessmooth muscle tissue description
59617256away from neuronaxons' direction
59617257to neurondendrites' direction
59617258bioenergeticsflow of energy
59617259biosynthesismakes carbs, proteins, fats
59617260basal metabolic rateBMI
59617261age, size, gender, physical activity, hormone balanceBMI factors
59617262homeostasis"steady state"
59617263endothermsmaintain temperature by metabolism
59617264mammals, birdsendotherm examples
59617265fish, amphibians, reptilesectotherm examples
59617266convection, conduction, radiation, evaporationheat exchange processes
59617267convectionflow of liquids or gases, heat exchange
59617268conductioncontact, heat exchange
59617269radiationempty space, heat exchange
59617270evaporationcooling, heat exchange
59617271epidermisdead cells
59617272dermisnerve cells, sweat glands, blood vessels, hair follicles, muscles
59617273hypodermisblood vessels, adipose
59617274epidermis, dermis, hypodermislayers of skin
59617275vasodilation, vasoconstrictioncirculatory adaptations
59617276vasodilationskin is pink, to cool down
59617277vasoconstrictionskin white, to warm up
59617278huddling, movementbehavorial responses
59617279sweating, salivaevaporative cooling
59617280acclimationthick fur/feathers, heat shock proteins
59617281torporlower metabolism, decrease in temp, lower respiration
59617282hibernationlong term torpor
59617283estivationtorpor in dry conditions
59617284undernourishedlack of calories
59617285overnourishedtoo many calories
59617286malnourishedlack of nutrients
59617287essential nutrientsmust be eaten
59617288ingestion, digestion, absorption, eliminationfood processes
59617289peristalsismuscle contraction, involuntary
59617290oral cavity, teeth, salivary glandsa mouth has...
59617291mucus, antibiotics, amylasesalivary glands produce...
59617292mucusmoistens food
59617293amylasebreaks down starch
59617294acid chymenutrient broth in stomach
59617295pharynx, glottis, larynx, trachea, lungsair pathway
59617296pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectumfood pathway
596172972stomach ph
59617298pepsinbreaks peptide bonds
59617299duodenumfirst twelve inches of small intestine
59617300liversecretes bile
59617301bilebreaks up fat
59617302colonaka large intestine
59617303absorption of water, bacterialarge intestine functions
59617304rectumstores feces/bacteria
59617305roughagecellulose in feces
59656118regulator, conformertypes of homeostasis
59656119enzymes, plasma membrane permeabilitythermoregulation helps...
59656120countercurrent heat exchangearteries transport blood to veins instead of away from heart
59656121herbivoreonly eat plants
59656122omnivoreeat plants and animals
59656123carnivoreonly eat animals
59656124tissuegroup of cells with a common structure and function
59656125glandular epitheliaepithelia that absorb or secrete chemical solutions
59656126mesenteriessheets of connective tissue that suspend organs in moist or fluid-filled cavities
59656127thoracic cavityhousing the lungs and heart
59656128interstitial fluidinternal environment of vertebrates
59656129regulatorit uses internal control mechanisms to moderate internal change in the face of external fluctuation
59656130conformerit allows its internal condition to vary with certain external changes
59656131ectothermsgain most of their heat from the environment
59656132integumentary systemouter covering of the body
59656133brown fattissue in the neck and between the shoulders that is specialized for rapid heat production
59656134daily torporsmall mammals and birds exhibit this that seems to be adapted to their feeding patterns
59656135enzymatic hydrolysisbreaking bonds with the addition of water
59656136intracellular digestiondigestion within a cell
59656137extracellular digestionbreakdown of food outside cells
59656138ruminantsanimals with the most elaborate adaptations for an herbivorous diet

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