The American Pageant 14th Edition
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| 549925821 | Bering Strait | narrow body of water that separates Asia from North America; believed to be a land bridge that people crossed when migrating to the Americas | 1 | |
| 549925822 | Pueblo Indians | 1st American corn growers; lived in adobe houses (dried mud) and pueblos ("villages" in Spanish); had elaborate irrigation systems to draw water away from rivers to grown corn | 2 | |
| 549925823 | Mound Builders | Native American civilizations of the Eastern region of North America that created distinctive earthen works that served as elaborate burial places | 3 | |
| 549925824 | "Five Civilized Tribes" | made up of the Creeks, Choctaw, Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Seminole Indian tribes; located in the Southeast of America | 4 | |
| 549925825 | "three sisters" planting | the Eastern Indians grew corn, beans, and squash; corn grew in a stalk providing a trellis for beans, beans grew up the stalk, squash's broad leaves kept the sun off the ground and thus kept the moisture in the soil | 5 | |
| 549925826 | Pueblos | villages of cubicle shaped adobe houses, stacked one on top the other and often beneath cliffs | 6 | |
| 549925827 | Iroquois Confederation | a group of 5 tribes in New York state; they were matrilineal as authority and possessions passed down through the female line; each tribe kept their independence, but met occasionally to discuss matters of common interest, like war/defense | 7 | |
| 549925828 | Matrilineal Culture | elder female is head of household; family takes mothers name | 8 | |
| 549925829 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer; led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route | 9 | |
| 549925830 | Ferdinand and Isabella | the king and queen of Spain who gave Columbus the funds that he needed to find a route to Asia | 10 | |
| 549925831 | Incas | a Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries; center of their empire was in present-day Peru; Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire | 11 | |
| 549925832 | Mayans | Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico; achievements include mathematics, architecture, and a 365 day a year calendar | 12 | |
| 549925833 | Aztecs | Native American Empire who lived in Mexico; their capital was Tenochtitlan; worshipped everything around them especially the sun; Cortes conquered them in 1521 | 13 | |
| 549925834 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China | 14 | |
| 549925835 | conquistadors | Spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain | 15 | |
| 549925836 | Vasco Nunez Balboa | a Spanish explorer who led an expedition across Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean | 16 | |
| 549925837 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world | 17 | |
| 549925838 | Juan Ponce de Leon | Spanish Explorer who discovered and named Florida while searching for the "Fountian of Youth" | 18 | |
| 549925839 | Francisco Coronado | Spanish soldier and commander who led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos | 19 | |
| 549925840 | Hernando de Soto | Spanish explorer who discovered and claimed the Mississippi River for Spain | 20 | |
| 549925841 | Hernando Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico | 21 | |
| 549925842 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas and founded the city of Lima | 22 | |
| 549925843 | encomienda | a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas; included the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it | 23 | |
| 549925844 | mestizos | a person of mixed Native American and European ancestry | 24 | |
| 549925845 | John Cabot | Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland | 25 | |
| 549925846 | Giovanni de Verrazano | Italian navigator, who was commissioned by France to find a Northwest Passage leading through the Americas to Asia; explored part of North America's eastern coast | 26 | |
| 549925847 | Jacques Cartier | French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France | 27 | |
| 549925848 | St. Augustine | first spanish settlement in the New World; in Florida 1565 | 28 | |
| 549925849 | Pope's Rebellion | Indian uprising in 1680 where Pueblo Rebels in an attempt to resist Catholicism and Europeans; destroyed every Catholic Church in the province and killed scores of priests and hundreds of Spanish settlers | 29 | |
| 549925850 | Robert LaSalle | French explorer who sailed down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico; claimed areas such as the Mississippi, St. Lawrence, and Ohio Rivers; also explored the Great Lakes | 30 | |
| 549925851 | Spanish mission system | this helped colonize the southwest; Catholic priests educated and converted Native Americans; the Natives farmed, built churches and learn crafts | 31 | |
| 549925852 | Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo | Spanish conquistador who explored the California coast in 1542, but he failed to find San Francisco Bay or anything else of much interest | 32 | |
| 549925853 | Father Junipero Serra | major Canadian Franciscan friar that founded the mission chain in California; was a great promoter of the spread of Christianity because of his missions | 33 | |
| 549925854 | "Black Legend" | idea developed during North American colonial times that the Spanish utterly destroyed the Indians through slavery and disease while the English did not; a false assertion that the Spanish were more evil towards the Native Americans than the English were | 34 |
