The American Pageant 14th Edition
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| 550012778 | Sea Dogs | name given English buccaneers; these semi-pirates seized Spanish treasure ships | 1 | |
| 550012779 | Sir Francis Drake | English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe; helped to defeat the Spanish Armada | 2 | |
| 550012780 | Sir Walter Raleigh | English adventurer and writer, who sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina; It failed and is known as "The Lost Colony" | 3 | |
| 550012781 | Roanoake Colony | colony founded by Sir Raleigh that mysteriously vanished | 4 | |
| 550012782 | "The Virgin Queen" | nick-name of Queen Elizabeth | 5 | |
| 550012784 | The Virginia Company of London | English joint stock company established to create colonial settlements in North America. Its first venture, Jamestown, struggled financially for a number of years, with results improving after sweeter strains of tobacco than the native variety were cultivated and successfully exported from Virginia as a cash crop beginning in 1612. In 1624, the company lost its charter, and Virginia became a royal colony. | 6 | |
| 550055936 | May 24, 1607 | the founding of the first English settlement in the New World, Jamestown, Virginia | 7 | |
| 727103943 | enclosure movement | 18th century movement among wealthy British landed aristocrats to rationalize their farms; forced the agrarian poor off the old "village commons" that now became "enclosed" as private property; led to English exploration | 8 | |
| 727103944 | Spanish Armada | Britain defeated them in 1588 which led to Britain having control over the seas and easily expanding in America | 9 | |
| 727103945 | primogeniture | 1st born son inherits ALL father's land; younger sons of rich folk (who couldn't inherit money) tried their luck with fortunes elsewhere, like America | 10 | |
| 727103946 | joint-stock companies | businesses formed by groups of people who make an investment and share in the profits and losses; these were developed to support & finance colonies | 11 | |
| 727103947 | charter | legal document giving certain rights to a person or company | 12 | |
| 727103948 | Captain John Smith | English army captain whose strict discipline helped the Jamestown settlement to survive; "he who will not work, shall not eat"; known for his brief association with the Native American girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan | 13 | |
| 727103949 | Powhatan | Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to Pocahontas | 14 | |
| 727103950 | Pocahontas | a Powhatan woman who befriended the English at Jamestown and is said to have saved Captain John Smith's life | 15 | |
| 727103951 | the "starving time" | winter of 1609-1610 when settlers in Jamestown weren't used to working so that they could eat and so they began to starve; some resorted to canibilism and others joined nearby tribes | 16 | |
| 727103952 | Lord De La Warr | new governor of Jamestown who arrived in 1610, immediately imposing a military regime in Jamestown and declaring war against the Powhatan Confederacy | 17 | |
| 727103953 | "irish tactics" | war methods used by Lord De La Ware against the Indians; included burning houses and fields, and confiscating possessions | 18 | |
| 727103954 | First Powhatan War (1614) | series of clashes between the Powhatan Confederacy and English settlers in Virginia; ended with a peace settlement sealed by the marriage of Pocahontas to colonist John Rolfe | 19 | |
| 727103955 | Second Powhatan War (1644) | Lord De La Warr declared war on the Indians; ended in 1646, and effectively banished the Chesapeake Indians from their ancestral lands | 20 | |
| 727103956 | the "three D's" | disease, disorganization, and disability that the Powhatan Indians fell victim to | 21 | |
| 727103957 | John Rolfe | one of the English settlers at Jamestown; married Pocahontas; discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony | 22 | |
| 727103958 | broad-acre plantation system | because tobacco was ruinous to the soil when planted in successive years, the plantation owners had to obtain more land to grow it on | 23 | |
| 727103959 | 1619 | 1st African slaves arrived in Virginia | 24 | |
| 727103960 | House of Burgesses | the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619; set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts | 25 | |
| 727103961 | Lord Baltimore | founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists b/c he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony | 26 | |
| 727103962 | Act of Toleration | a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians | 27 | |
| 727103963 | Barbados Slave Code | established in 1661; gave masters virtually complete control over their slaves including the right to inflict vicious punishments for even slight infractions | 28 | |
| 727103964 | Carolina Colony | named after Charles II; formally created in 1670; flourished by developing close economic ties with the West Indies; many original settlers had come from Barbados and brought in the strict "Slave Codes" for ruling slaves | 29 | |
| 727103965 | Carolina's Principle Crop | rice | 30 | |
| 727103966 | Rice Production | slavery was integral to this cultivation because of its labor intensiveness and because slaves from this crop's producing regions of Africa provided colonial plantation owners with crucial technical knowledge about cultivation | 31 | |
| 727103967 | Charles Town | city named for King Charles II in the Carolina colony; at the time, it was the busiest seaport in the South | 32 | |
| 727103968 | North Carolina | separated from South Carolina in 1712; mainly grew tobacco | 33 | |
| 727103969 | Tuscaroras | Indians who fought North Carolina settlers but were defeated and turned into slaves | 34 | |
| 727103970 | Yamasee Wars | early 1700s, Carolinians defeated most remaining Indians in Southern and Appalachin region | 35 | |
| 727103971 | Colony of Georgia | colony intended to be a buffer between the British colonies and the hostile Spanish settlements in Florida and the enemy French in Louisiana; founded in 1733, by a high-minded group of philanthropists, mainly James Oglethorpe; also meant to be a second chance site for wretched souls in debt | 36 | |
| 727103972 | James Oglethorpe | founder and governor of the Georgia colony; ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony in which laves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden; started Georgia as a haven for people in debt because of his interest in prison reform; almost single-handedly kept Georgia afloat | 37 | |
| 727120839 | Iroquois Confederation | a group of Native Americans that originally consisted of the Mohawk, the Oneida, the Onondaga, the Cayuga, and the Seneca tribes | 38 | |
| 727120840 | Haiwatha | leader who convinced the Hodenosaunee to form the Iroquois Confederacy, so they could create an organized government to maintain peace among the five Hodenosaunee groups or nations | 39 | |
| 727120841 | longhouses | Iroquois Indians lived in these shelters which could house up to 50 people | 40 | |
| 727120842 | Iroquois Women | played a major subsistence role especially while the men were away at war | 41 | |
| 727120843 | "keepers of the Eastern fires" | the Mohawk Indians who were middlemen with European trades | 42 | |
| 727120844 | "keepers of the Western fires" | the Seneca Indians who were fur suppliers | 43 | |
| 727120845 | Handsome Lake | an Iroquois prophet that warned his people of the increased decline in morality that threathened to destroy the tribe from the inside out | 44 | |
| 727120846 | Southern Plantation Colonies | slavery was found in all; growth of cities was often stunted by forests; establishment of schools and churches was difficult due to people being spread out; crops were tobacco and rice; all permitted some religious toleration; confrontations with Native Americans were often | 45 |
