American History: A Survey (11th Edition) - Alan Brinkley
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| 1403483889 | Market Revolution/Market Economy | The beginnings of the industrial revolution in America characterized by increased manufacturing and challenges to European supremacy. | 0 | |
| 1403483890 | Potato Famine | Failure of the potato crop in Ireland from 1845 -1849, which resulted in nearly a million deaths from starvation and disease, as well as a million migrants to the United States, | 1 | |
| 1403483891 | Nativism | Fear of foreign-born population by native-born U.S. citizens, along with a desire to stop immigration. Viewed foreigners as "alien menace" scapegoats. | 2 | |
| 1403483892 | Native American Party | Formed in 1845 after a convention in Philadelphia by anti-immigration agitators. | 3 | |
| 1403483893 | Know-Nothings | Nativists, such as those in the Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, who wished for restrictive naturalization laws, literacy tests for voting, prevention of foreigners from holding public office, and banning Catholics. Became the American Party in 1852 and became popular in New York and Pennsylvania; received votes and in Massachusetts, where they controlled the state government. | 4 | |
| 1403483894 | Erie Canal - DeWitt Clinton | The governor of New York initiated construction of a 350-foot-long, 40-foot-wide, 4-foot-deep ditch to connect the Hudson River and Lake Erie. The greatest construction project up to that point in America and an instant financial success. | 5 | |
| 1403483895 | consolidation | Short railroad lines combined into longer ones. Railroads served to connect canals in their early stages. | 6 | |
| 1403483896 | Samuel F.B. Morse | Invented the telegraph in 1844 and used it first to send news of James K. Polk's presidential nomination. 50,000 miles of wire used in America; Pacific wire line 3,595 miles from New York to San Francisco. | 7 | |
| 1403492804 | Associated Press | Founded in 1864 by newspaper publishers as to promise gathering news by wire; facilitated by telegraph and rotary press (invented by Richard Hoe (1846)). | 8 | |
| 1403492805 | Horace Greeley's Tribune | New York newspaper that, along with Gordon Bennett's Herald, focused on national and international events and exceeded Southern newspapers in publication. | 9 | |
| 1403492806 | corporations | Combined resources of shares and investors and, in some cases, replaced individual merchant capitalists; facilitated by general incorporation laws (only paid fee, no charter needed). | 10 | |
| 1403511038 | interchangeable parts | Introduced by Eli Whitney and Simeon North, originally into the gun industry, and then moved into watch and clock making, manufacturing of locomotives, steam engines, and farm tools, as well as bicycles, sewing machines, type writers, cash registers, and cars. | 11 | |
| 1403511039 | Charles Goodyear | 1839 discovered way to vulcanize rubber; over 500 uses by 1860 and revolutionized American rubber industry; New England hardware merchant. | 12 | |
| 1403511040 | Elias Howe | 1846 constructed sewing machine; from Massachusetts | 13 | |
| 1403511041 | Isaac Singer | Improved Howe's sewing machine; Howe-_____ machine used in ready-to wear clothing; later used to supply Union troops with uniforms during the Civil War | 14 | |
| 1403511042 | merchant capitalism | Entrepreneurs primarily involved in foreign and domestic trade, and also small-scale manufacturing. Declined by middle of 19th century due to British competition and greater profitability in manufacturing. | 15 | |
| 1403511043 | Lowell System | Recruitment of young women (mainly farmers' daughters in their late teens or early twenties) to work in textile mills. Women worked for several years, then moved into domestic jobs after saving wages or marrying. Common in Massachusetts. | 16 | |
| 1403511044 | Factory Girls Association | 1834 Lowell workers organized union and protested 25% wage cut, and later a rent increase for boarding houses, both which failed, leading to the collapse of the union in 1837 after an economic recession. | 17 | |
| 1403511045 | Trade Unions | Organizations of skilled workers that emerged during the 1820s and 1830s in cities such as Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore, and New York. 1834 founded National Trades Union. 1836 union for printers and cordwainers founded. | 18 | |
| 1403520238 | Commonwealth v. Hunt | 1842 state court of Massachusetts declared trade union lawful organization and strikes a lawful weapon. | 19 | |
| 1403520239 | "Cult of Domesticity" | Shift in the concept of the middle-class woman's place within family and family in larger society. Women more important as mothers, wives, and preservers of "domestic virtue". | 20 | |
| 1403520240 | Mount Holyoke | Coeducational institution founded by Mary Lyon in 1837 in Massachusetts. Coeducation was rare in this period. | 21 | |
| 1403520241 | Godey's Lady's Book | Women's magazine edited after 1837 by Sarah Hale. Centered on fashion, shopping, and homemaking instead of politics and religion, reflecting the "separate sphere" of women. | 22 | |
| 1403520242 | Minstrel Shows | White actors mimicked and ridiculed African-American culture that was part of mass-leisure in the 19th century. | 23 | |
| 1403528938 | P.T. Barnum | Opened the American Museum in New York in 1842 - a freak show with midget, Siamese twins, magicians, and ventriloquists. 1870s launched circus. Advertised with posts and lectures. | 24 | |
| 1403528939 | McCormick Reaper | Invented by Cyrus _________; six or seven men could harvest as much wheat or other small grain that fifteen men could do with old methods, such as the sickle. Patented 1834. 1847 _________ established factory in Chicago. 100,000 reapers in Western farms by 1860. | 25 |
