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| 5326740141 | Byzantine Empire | } Europe, 330-1453 } Eastern European empire that preserved elements of culture of Roman Empire } Center of Christianity after fall of Roman Empire } Created and supported Eastern Orthodox Christianity | 0 | |
| 5326740142 | Constantinople | Europe (eastern), 330-1453 } City that served as the center of the Byzantine Empire | 1 | |
| 5326740143 | Justinian | Europe, 527-565 } Byzantine emperor whose conquests briefly reclaimed part of the Roman Empire | 2 | |
| 5326740144 | Ceasaropapism | Europe (Byzantium), c. 600-1400s } Byzantine philosophy in which the head of state also served as the religious head of Eastern Orthodoxy | 3 | |
| 5326740145 | Eastern Orthodox Christianity | Europe (Byzantine Empire), 700s to present } Form of Christianity developed in the Byzantine Empire based on theological disagreements with the pope in Rome | 4 | |
| 5326740146 | Bezant | } Byzantium, c. 1000-1500 } Standard gold coin developed in Byzantium } Facilitated trade across the empire } Helped to facilitate growth of commercial industries, especially luxury goods } Reinforced regional leadership of Byzantine state } Demonstrates the geographic importance of Constantinople | 5 | |
| 5326740147 | Prince Vladimir of Kiev | } Europe (Russia), 988 } Prince of newly forming state of Russia who converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity } Vladimir's adoption of Orthodox Christianity separated Russia from Islam in the east and Roman Catholicism in the west } Provided cultural and political unity for development of Russian empire in coming centuries | 6 | |
| 5326740148 | Charlemagne | } Europe (western), 800 } Frankish king who converted to Roman Catholic Christianity and became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire | 7 | |
| 5326740149 | Holy Roman Empire | } Europe, c. 800-1800 } Christian empire in western Europe, centered around modern-day Germany } Beginnings of political consolidation in Europe } Helped to preserve the Roman Catholic tradition in western Europe } Basis for political and religious rivalry with Byzantium | 8 | |
| 5326740150 | Fuedalism | Europe, c. 500-1000 } Social hierarchy in which wealthy landowners pledged allegiance to a king in exchange for rewards | 9 | |
| 5326740151 | Serfdom | Europe, c. 500-1000 } System of economic servitude that replaced slavery in Europe; serfs were technically free but bound to landowners by debt and required tribute } Economic system provided basic resources to upper classes, providing the basis for feudalism } Largely replaced slavery as economic and social system for lower classes } Provided a measure of security in chaotic world | 10 | |
| 5326740152 | Roman Catholic Church | Europe (west), c.700-present } Christian faith that was centered around Rome under the authority of the pope; identified as Roman Catholic after the split with Eastern Orthodox Christianity | 11 | |
| 5326740153 | Guilds | Europe, c. 1000-1300 } Labor groups organized around specific jobs (bankers, artisans, etc.) that regulated working conditions | 12 | |
| 5326740154 | Crusades | Middle East, c. 1100-1200 } Efforts by western European kings, with support from Roman Catholic church to reclaim land from religious enemies } First major example of European expansion | 13 | |
| 5326747837 | Jesus Sutras | early Chinese language manuscripts of Christian teachings. Used buddhist and daoist concepts. Refers to Christianity as "the religion of light from the west or "the luminous religion. God is "cool wind" sin as "bad karma" and goodlife as one of "no desire and "no action." | 14 | |
| 5326751026 | Nubian Christianity | Bible translated into Nubian, cathedrals, Bishops held state offices, resisted Arab influences, but by 1500 Christianity had disappeared. | 15 | |
| 5326754426 | icons | religious images | 16 | |
| 5326758280 | Western Christendom | Split in 1054 C.E. (protestants and Roman Catholics) on account of differences in church leadership, languages, religious images and the filioque. | 17 |
