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| 2674622160 | Purpose of cell division | Duplicate and segregation of genetic information into daughter cells, and division of cellular content | 0 | |
| 2674622161 | Binary fission | Bacteria divided | 1 | |
| 2674622162 | Structural Maintenance of Chromosome (SMC) | A class of proteins that compact and organize the nucleoid (prok) | 2 | |
| 2674622163 | Decantenation | Untangling of the final replication products (prok) | 3 | |
| 2674622164 | Septation | Septum separates cells at the midpoint and begins with FtsZ | 4 | |
| 2674622165 | FtsZ | Protein found in most prokaryotes. Forms filaments, rings, and recent 3d crystals | 5 | |
| 2674622166 | Mitosis | Thread | 6 | |
| 2674622167 | Monosomy | Human embryos missing one chromosome | 7 | |
| 2674622168 | Trisomy | Having an extra chromosome | 8 | |
| 2674622169 | Chromatin | A complex of DNA and protein | 9 | |
| 2674622170 | Chromosomes | Sites of RNA synthesis | 10 | |
| 2674622171 | Histone core | 8 histone proteins. Act as a magnetic form that promotes and guides the coil of dna | 11 | |
| 2674622172 | Nucleosome | Complex of dna and histone protein | 12 | |
| 2674622173 | Solenoid | Nucleosome compacted together | 13 | |
| 2674622174 | Condensin | Protein that helps compact chromosomes | 14 | |
| 2674622175 | Karyotype | Array of chromosomes in an individual organism | 15 | |
| 2674622176 | Haploid | Set of chromosomes in the karyotype | 16 | |
| 2674622177 | Diploid chromosomes | Reflect the genetic contribution that each parent makes to offspring | 17 | |
| 2674622178 | Cohesion | Protein that holds together 2 identical DNA molecules | 18 | |
| 2674622179 | Centromere | Holds together 2 sister chromatids | 19 | |
| 2674622180 | Interphase | G1, S, G2 | 20 | |
| 2674622181 | G1 | Gap phase 1: primary growth phase | 21 | |
| 2674622182 | S | Synthesis: replicate DNA | 22 | |
| 2674622183 | G2 | Gap phase 2: growth of organelles | 23 | |
| 2674622184 | M phase | Mitosis and cytokinesis | 24 | |
| 2674622185 | Mitosis | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase | 25 | |
| 2674622186 | Cytokinesis | Division of cell into two daughter cells by cleavage furrow | 26 | |
| 2674622187 | Prophase | Nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes condense, spindle begins to form | 27 | |
| 2674622188 | Metaphase | Chromosomes align at equator if the cell (metaphase plate). Chromosomes are attached to opposite poles and are under tension | 28 | |
| 2674622189 | Anaphase | Chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles. Spindle poles move apart | 29 | |
| 2674622190 | Telophase | Chromosomes are clustered at opposite poles and decondense. Nuclear envelopes reform around chromosomes. | 30 | |
| 2675064920 | Cell plate | Divides the plant cell | 31 | |
| 2675064921 | Cellulose | Goes on the new membranes to make 2 new cell walls | 32 | |
| 2675064922 | Middle lamella | The space between the daughter cells becomes impregnated with pectins | 33 | |
| 2675064923 | Fungi and protists | Their nucleus membrane does not dissolve so mitosis happens in the nucleoid. Then they divided into daughter nuclei then in cytokinesis one nucleus goes to each daughter cells | 34 | |
| 2675064924 | Cell cycles irreversible points | 1. The replication of genetic material 2. Separation of the sister chromatids | 35 | |
| 2675064925 | 3 checkpoints | G1/S, G2/M, & Spindle | 36 | |
| 2675064926 | G1/S | Where cells decide whether or not to divide | 37 | |
| 2675064927 | G2/M | Assess the success of DNA replication and can stall the cycle if DNA has not been accurately replicated. Represents commitment to mitosis | 38 | |
| 2675064928 | Spindle | Ensures that all of the chromosomes are attached to the spindle in preparation for anaphase | 39 | |
| 2675064929 | Cdks | Cyclin-dependent kinase. Activates numerous cell proteins by phosphoilating them | 40 | |
| 2675064930 | Phosphorylation | Primary molecular mechanism of cell cycle control | 41 | |
| 2675064931 | APC/C | Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome Triggers anaphase. 2 roles in mitosis: It activates the protease that removes the cohesins holding sister chromatids together and it is necessary for the destruction of mitosis cychins to drive the cell out of mitosis. | 42 | |
| 2675064932 | Cdc2 | Phosphorylation at one site activates Cdk and another site inactivates it | 43 | |
| 2675064933 | Mitosis - promoting factor (MPF) | Cyclin-cdk complex that stimulates the mitotic phase in the cell cycle. Promotes entrance into mitosis | 44 | |
| 2675150439 | Platelet - derived growth factor PDGF | Is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that initiates a MAPkinase cascade to stimulate cell division. It's one of the first growth factors to be identified. Can override cellular controls that otherwise inhibit cell division. (Blood clot) | 45 | |
| 2675150440 | Cells lack growth factors | They go to G2 checkpoint and then remain in G0 | 46 | |
| 2675150441 | P53 | Plays a role in G1 checkpoint. Protein monitors integrity of DNA. If it detects damage it halts cell division and stimulates special enzymes to repair the damage. Once repaired p53 allows cell to continue. If irreparable, p53 directs cell to kill itself. Prevents mutation | 47 | |
| 2675150442 | Tumor-suppresor gene | Suppresses cancer (p53) | 48 | |
| 2675150443 | Oncogenes | Genes that can cause a contact cell to become a cancer cell | 49 | |
| 2675150444 | Proto-oncogenes | Normal cellular genes that become oncogenes when mutated. (Promotes cancer) | 50 | |
| 2675319890 | Septate | Divided by a septum | 51 | |
| 2675319891 | Sister chromasomes | Identical chromosomes (red and red) | 52 | |
| 2675319892 | Homologous chromosomes | Not identical (blue and red) | 53 | |
| 2677672205 | Euchromatin | Is expressed in eukaryotes | 54 |
