Chapter 10 (:
Terms : Hide Images
| 91451003 | John Adams | A Massachusetts attorney and politician who was a strong believer in colonial independence. He argued against the Stamp Act and was involved in various patriot groups. As a delegate from Massachusetts, he urged the Second Continental Congress to declare independence. He helped draft and pass the Declaration of Independence. Adams later served as the second President of the United States. | |
| 91451004 | Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States-- chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826) | |
| 91451005 | Alexander Hamilton | 1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. , United States statesman and leader of the Federalists. | |
| 91451006 | Henry Knox | In 1775 George Washington ordered him, the nation's first secretary of war, to bring the British artillery back to the siege of Boston that was captured at Fort Ticonderoga. | |
| 91451007 | John Jay | United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829) | |
| 91451008 | Citizen Genet | French diplomat who in 1793 tried to draw the United States into the war between France and England (1763-1834) | |
| 91451009 | Anthony Wayne | A General, nicknamed "Mad Anthony". Beat Northwest Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794. Left British made arms on the fields of battle. After that the Treaty of Greenville in 1795 led to the Indians ceding their claims to a vast tract in the Ohio Country. | |
| 91451010 | Talleyrand | French statesman (1754-1838). , the French foreign minister, whom which three American diplomats seek to reach an agreement with, they are stopped by the French X, Y, and Z diplomats and are asked for a bribe to speak with Talleyrand. Causes XYZ affair. | |
| 91451011 | Matthew Lyon | This man, __________, was one of the famous arrestees of the Alien and Sedition Acts. His crime was spitting at a Federalist's face and criticizing Adam's policies | |
| 91451012 | Funding at Par | (GW)This meant that the federal government would pay off its debs at face value, plus accumulated interest which at the time had a total of $54 million. This included the federal government taking on the debts by the states and paying for it as a country. Hamilton's establishment of this act gave the country much needed unity because it brought the states together under the centralized government. This made paper money essentially useless do to inflation. | |
| 91451013 | Strict Constitution | Jefferson and his states' right disciples believed the Constitution should be interpreted "literally" or "strictly". The reason why was to protect individual rights. Jefferson did not want the Bank of the United States,Hamilton thought it would not only be proper, but also necessary. Jefferson thought it was up to the states and Hamilton thought it was up to Congress. The Bank was created by Congress in 1791. Having a strong central government made people fear that theeir rights would be taken away from them. | |
| 91451014 | Assumption | the act of taking possession of or power over something ("his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba"; "the Nazi assumption of power in 1934"; "he acquired all the company's assets for ten million dollars and the assumption of the company). | |
| 91451015 | Implied Powers | powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution. | |
| 91451016 | Tariff | a government tax on imports or exports (Ex. "they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries"). | |
| 91451017 | Agrarian | relating to rural matters (Ex. "an agrarian (or agricultural) society"; "farming communities"). | |
| 91451018 | Excise Tax | a tax that is measured by the amount of business done (not on property or income from real estate). | |
| 91451019 | Compact Theory | The idea advanced by Rousseau, Locke, and Jefferson, that government is created by voluntary agreement among the people involved and that revolution is justified if government breaks the compact by exceeding its authority. | |
| 91451020 | Nullification | the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress. | |
| 91451021 | Cabinet | persons appointed by a head of state to head executive departments of government and act as official advisers. | |
| 91451022 | Bank of the United States | either of the two National Banks, funded by the federal government and private investors, established by congress, the first in 1791 and the second in 1816. | |
| 91451023 | Bill of Rights | a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution) | |
| 91451024 | French Revolution | the revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799. | |
| 91451025 | Jay's Treaty | Was made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley | |
| 91451026 | Convention of 1800 | Treaty signed in Paris that ended France's peacetime military alliance with America. Napolean was eager to sign this treaty so he could focus his attention on conquering Europe and perhaps create a New World empire in Lousiana. This ended the "quasi-war" between France and America. | |
| 91451027 | Neutrality Proclamation | Washington's declaration that the U.S. would not take sides after the French Revolution touched off a war between France and a coalition consisting primarily of England, Austria and Prussia. Washington's Proclamation was technically a violation of the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. | |
| 91451028 | Whiskey Rebellion | In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion. | |
| 91451029 | Ninth Amendment | The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. | |
| 91451030 | Federalists | supporters of the stronger central govt. who advocated the ratification of the new constitution. | |
| 91451031 | Tenth Amendment | The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. | |
| 91451032 | Pinckney Treaty | 1795 - Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans | |
| 91451033 | Alien and Sedation acts | 3 measures. alien acts raised the residence requirement for American citizenship from five years to 14 years and allowed the President to deport or jail any alien that was considered undesirable. The 4th measure, the sedation act sets ffines and jail terms for anyone trying to hinder the operation ofthe government or expressing false scandal and malicious statement against the governemnr | |
| 91451034 | Battle of Fallen Timbers | battle between American and native American forces in 1794 over Ohio Territory that led to the defeat of the Native Americans | |
| 91451035 | Farewell Address | Referred to as Washington's Farewell Address. Its main points included: assuming leadership in the Western Hemisphere, developing its own trade, and not entering into permanent alliances with foreign nations, especially with Europe. | |
| 91451036 | Virgina and Kentucky Resolutions | The _______ introduced the theory of interposition. They argued that if the federal government did something unconstitutional, the state could interpose and stop the illegal action. ________ advanced the theory of nullification. According to this, if the federal government passed an unconstitutional law, the states could nullify it | |
| 91451037 | Jeffersonian Republicans | one of nations first political parties, led by Thomas Jefferson and stemming from the anti-federalists, emerged around 1792, gradually became today's Democratic party. The Jeffersonian republicans were pro-French, liberal, and mostly made up of the middle class. They favored a weak central govt., and strong states' rights. | |
| 91451038 | Judiciary act of 1789 | In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures. | |
| 91451039 | Treaty of Greenville | 1175, American Indians signed a treaty, this open the NW territory to settlers and gave the Am Indians some land and goods=$20,000 | |
| 91451040 | XYZ Affair | An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand. |
