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| growing population (4 million); 90% rural; 5% lived west of Appalachian Mountains, concentrated in Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio | ||
| 1789: unanimously voted by Electoral College; imposing presence; balanced rather than brilliant; establishes cabinet: Secretary of State, Treasury, War | ||
| Thomas Jefferson | ||
| Alexander Hamilton | ||
| Henry Knox | ||
| drafted by James Madison; adopted in 1791 by states; preserves strong central gov't while specifying protections for minority and individual liberties => swing federalist pendulum back in anti-federalist direction | ||
| specifying certain rights "shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people" | ||
| reserves all rights not delegated or prohibited by federal Constitution "to the states respectively, or to teh people" | ||
| created federal court system: 13 district courts; 3 circuit courts; Supreme Court, w/ chief justice and five associates, to be highest court in nation/ established office of attorney general (Edmund Randolph) | ||
| first chief justice of US | ||
| - Virginia Dynasty: Presidents Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Harrison, Tyler (south and north are committed to democratic union even w/ differences) - relocation of capital to Washington DC |
