Just some vocabulary from chapter 10 of the AP World History textbook (Authors: Stearns, Adas, Schwartz, and Gilbert. Fourth Edition)
Terms : Hide Images
| 104250516 | manorialism | The system of economic and political realtions between landlords and their peasant laborers. | 0 | |
| 104250517 | three-field system | One of three fields was left unused for one year (it rotates) so that it has time to regain fertility. | 1 | |
| 104250518 | feudalism | Social organization created by exchanging grants of land, or fiefs, in return for formal oaths of allegiance and promises to loyal service. It also helped to link military elites. | 2 | |
| 104250519 | parliaments | Bodies representing not individual voters, but privileged groups (such as nobles and the church. | 3 | |
| 104250520 | investiture | The practice of state appointment. | 4 | |
| 104250521 | scholasticism | Dominant philosophical apprach; called this because of its base in the schools; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems | 5 | |
| 104250522 | guilds | Groups of people int he same business or trade in a single city. | 6 | |
| 104250523 | Middle Ages | Fall of the Roman Empire to the 15th century; featured gradual recovery formt he shock of Rome's collapse and growing interaction with other societies. | 7 | |
| 104250524 | Magna Carta | "Great Charter"; confirmed feudal right against monarchial claims. | 8 | |
| 104250525 | Hundred Years' War | 14th century; long battle between the national monarchies of France and England (over territory). | 9 | |
| 104250526 | Gothic | Architectual style; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses. | 10 | |
| 104250527 | Hanseatic League | Formed by cities in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia; encouraged trade | 11 | |
| 104250528 | Black Death | 1348; plague; significantly reduced Europe's population and affected its social structure. | 12 | |
| 104250529 | Vikings | Seagoers form Scandinavia; constantly raided western Europe. | 13 | |
| 104250530 | serfs | Agricultural workers who received some protection form lords; worked on manors and were obligated to turn over part of their goods and to remain on the land. | 14 | |
| 104250531 | Clovis | Warrior chieftain; converted to Christianity in 496 C.E. to gain greater prestige over local rivals; this gave him a small dominion over the Franks. | 15 | |
| 104250532 | Carolingians | Took over Frankish monarchy in northern France, Belgium, and western Germany. | 16 | |
| 104250533 | Charlemagne | Carolingian ruler; "Charles the Great"; established substantial empire in France and Germany around 800. | 17 | |
| 104250534 | Holy Roman Emperors | Rulers who reigned over Germany and northern Italy; merged Christian and classical claims. | 18 | |
| 104250535 | vassals | Lesser lords of manors; owed their lords military service, some goods or payments, and advice. | 19 | |
| 104250536 | William the Conquerer | Duke of Normandy; extended tight feudal system to England. | 20 | |
| 104250537 | Urban II | Pope; lanuched 1st Crusade in 1095; promised crusaders full forgiveness of sins if they died in battle. | 21 | |
| 104250538 | Gregory VII | Pope; reform-minded; tried to purify the church and free it form interference by feudal lords. | 22 | |
| 104250539 | Peter Abelard | Wrote in Paris the treatise called "Yes or No", in which it shwoed several logical contradictions in established interpretations of doctrine. | 23 | |
| 104250540 | Bernard of Clairvaux | Powerful monkl successfully challenged Abelard; stressed the importance of mystical union with God; believed that reason was dangerous and proud and that God's truth must be received through faith alone. | 24 | |
| 104250541 | Thomas Aquinas | Italian-born monk who taught at the University of Paris; maintained the basic belief that faith came first, but greatly expanded the scope given to reason; sought rationality. | 25 |
