sleeping cycles, sleep disorders, bichemistry of sleep
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| 503117041 | circadian | biologic clock in humans; the rhythmic repetition of certain phenomena, such as hunger, fatigue, and changes in blood pressure, that tend to fluctuate within a 24-hour period | |
| 503117042 | Zeitgeber | the environmental agent that resets the biological clock e.g: change in light, temperature | |
| 503117043 | Free-running circadian rhythm | natural wake-sleep cycle that is longer than 24 hours | |
| 503117044 | Suprachiasmatic Nucleus SCN | "Master clock" Area of the hypothalamus, located just above the optic chiasm, that constitutes the biological clock | |
| 503117045 | Retinohypothalamic | conduct information about light-dark cycles to the circadian clock in the SCN pathway from retina to hypothalamus | |
| 503117046 | Melatonin | hormone released by the pineal gland in response to daily cycles of light and dark | |
| 503117047 | Cortisol | Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect also produced when person is stressed | |
| 503117048 | Seasonal affective Disorder | Controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during winter months and improved mood during spring. Can be treated using phototherapy, using bright light and high levels of negative ions. | |
| 503117049 | Ultradian | Referring to a rhythmic biological event whose period is shorter than that of a circadian rhythm, usually from several minutes to several hours long. | |
| 503117050 | slow-wave sleep | consists of sleep stages 3 and 4, during which high amplitude, low frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings | |
| 503117051 | Rapid eye movement | stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream | |
| 503117052 | REM Sleep | rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. | |
| 503117053 | Lucid Dreaming | The theory that conscious awareness of dreaming is a learnable skill that enables dreamers to control the direction and content of their dreams. | |
| 503117054 | Night Terror | an NREM episode in which the individual is partially aroused, disoriented, frightened, and inconsolable | |
| 503117055 | Growth Hormone | A hormone released by the anterior pituitary that targets all cells in the body. Growth hormone stimulates whole body growth in children and adolescents, adn increases cell turnover rate in adults. | |
| 503117056 | REM Rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakening during REM sleep) | |
| 503117057 | cerveau isole | surgical experiment that cut the brain of a cat in half above the cerebellum; made cat comatose | |
| 503117058 | Basal Forebrain | forebrain area anterior and dorsal to the hypothalamus; includes cell clusters that promote wakefulness and other cell clusters that promote sleep | |
| 503117059 | Raphe Nuclei | nuclei located in the pons that participate in the regulation of sleep and arousal | |
| 503117060 | reticular formation | a network of cells in the brainstem that filters sensory information and is involved in arousal and alertness | |
| 503117061 | locus coeruleus | In hindbrain. Small nucleas in reticular formation involved in ATTENTION (major seat of noradrenergic system), sleep and mood. | |
| 503117062 | PGO Wave | this initiates REM by releasing increasing amounts of ACh | |
| 503117063 | Dyssomnia | a sleep disorder that involves difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep | |
| 503117064 | Maintenance Insomnia | occurs when sleep is frequently interrupted or early waking occurs. Frequent waking can result from stress, substance use, or psychopathology | |
| 503117065 | Sleep Apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings | |
| 503117066 | Narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. the sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times | |
| 503117067 | Cataplexy | Episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone resulting in the individual collapsing, often in association with intense emotions such as laughter, anger, fear, or surprise. | |
| 503117068 | Sleep Paralysis | A temporary condition in which a person is unable to move upon awakening in the morning or during the night. | |
| 503117069 | hypnogogic hallucination | A vivid dream like sensation that is heard, seen, or felt and that occurs near the onset of sleep | |
| 503117070 | hypnopompic hallucination | false perception occuring whicle awakeinging form sleep; generally considered non-pathological | |
| 503117071 | SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome, or crib death; cause unknown. Associated failure of synapse of nerves to activate the diaphragm | |
| 503117072 | nocturnal enuresis | bed wetting during sleep, bed wetting during sleep | |
| 503117073 | REM behavior disorder | a sleep disorder in which a person does not lose muscle tone during REM sleep, allowing the person to act out dreams | |
| 503117074 | parasomnia | a cluster or pattern of waking behavior that appears during sleep, such as somnambulism (sleepwalking), sleeptalking, and enuresis (bedwetting) | |
| 503117075 | insomnia | sleep abnormalities, including difficulty in falling asleep and wakefulness through the night |
