chapter 11 apush
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| 212206917 | Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States. He favored limited central government. He was chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; approved of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and promoted ideals of republicanism. Sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore this territory. | |
| 212206918 | James Monroe | 5th president, Begins expansionism including Florida and Missouri, as well as reigning over the Era of Good Feelings. A political leader of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; a leader of the Democratic-Republican party. He issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, supporting the independence of Spain's colonies in America. The Missouri Compromise was reached in his presidency. | |
| 212206919 | William Clark | Led the Corps of Discovery with Meriwether Lewis in 1804-1806; explored Louisiana Territory and traveled to the Pacific Ocean. Drew maps, constructed forts and lead men. Soldier and explorer. | |
| 212206920 | Albert Gallatin | U.S. statesman: Secretary of the Treasury 1801-13 Jefferson's and a financial genius helped to cut the national debt nearly in half | |
| 212206921 | Robert Livingston | American lawyer, politician, and diplomat from New York. Known as "The Chancellor." He administered the presidential oath of office to George Washington. | |
| 212206922 | Zebulon Pike | Explored upper Mississippi River, Arkansas River, parts of present-day Colorado and New Mexico. Viewed Mtn peaks above Colorado Plains. Mountain today called Pikes Peak. | |
| 212206923 | John Marshall | A public official of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He served as chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835. His interpretations of the Constitution in cases such as Marbury versus Madison served to strengthen the power of the Court and the power of the federal government generally. | |
| 212206924 | Napoleon Bonaparte | A French general, political leader, and emperor of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He rose swiftly through the ranks of army and government during and after the French Revolution and crowned himself emperor in 1804. He conquered much of Europe but lost two-thirds of his army in a disastrous invasion of Russia. After his final loss to Britain and Prussia at the Battle of Waterloo, he was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic Ocean. | |
| 212206925 | Aaron Burr | A political leader who served as vice president of the United States in the first term of Thomas Jefferson (1801-1805). After he killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel, his career declined. He was later involved in a bizarre conspiracy to sever the western states and territories from the Union. He was tried for treason but was acquitted. | |
| 212206926 | William Marbury | Named a justice of the peace for the District of Columbia; sued Madison when he learned that his commission was being shelved by Madison (Secretary of State). | |
| 212206927 | James Madison | 4th President; Secretary of State; lead nation through War of 1812. Strict constructionist, 4th president, father of the Constitution. | |
| 212206928 | Tecumseh | A Shawnee chief of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He took arms against American settlers moving into the Middle West, and supported the British in the War of 1812, in which he was killed. | |
| 212206929 | the Prophet | A shawnee indian leader whose brother was Tecumseh. Religious visionary who called for a return to Indian traditions and founded the community of Prophetstown on Tippecanoe Creek in Indiana. | |
| 212206930 | Toussaint L'Ouverture | Haitian patriot and leader of the Haitian Revolution slave rebellion. Was a former slave and an important leader of the haïtian revolution. The first leader of a free Haiti. In a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator. | |
| 212206931 | Samuel Chase | a strong supporter of the American Revolution, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, an ardent Federalist, and the only Supreme Court Justice ever to be impeached. A lawyer by proffesion, in 1796 he was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court by president Washington. This was after he served as Chief Justice of the General Court of Maryland in 1791. In 1804, for alleged prejudice against the Jeffersonians in treason and sedition trials. The senate, however, in a decision that indicated reluctance to remove judges for purely political reasons, did not convict him, and he remained on the court until his death. | |
| 212206932 | Meriwether Lewis | U.S. explorer: leader of the Lewis and Clark expedition 1804-06. | |
| 212206933 | Henry Clay | A Whig political leader of the early nineteenth century known for his efforts to keep the United States one nation despite sharp controversy among Americans over slavery. Herepresented Kentucky, first in the House of Representatives and then in the Senate. He was known as the "Great Pacificator" because of his prominent role in producing the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. | |
| 212206934 | John Quincy Adams | Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work. | |
| 212206935 | patronage | granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support | |
| 212206936 | judicial review | the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional | |
| 212206937 | impeachment | Formal accusation by the lower house of a legislature against a public official, the first step in removal from office. | |
| 212206938 | impressment | British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service | |
| 212206939 | economic coercion | Jefferson came up with the Embargo Act which cut off all trade with all countries. Jefferson hoped this would force the English to come to his terms and stop stealing American sailors. This, however, did not work and greatly hurt American trade. | |
| 212206940 | Macon's bill no. 2 | opened trade with britain and france, said if either nation repealed its restrictions on neutral shipping the US would halt trade with the other, didn't work | |
| 212206941 | war hawks | Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand. | |
| 212206942 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | Organized the Supreme Court, originally with five justices and a chief justice, along with several federal district and circuit courts. It also created the attorney general's office. This created the judiciary branch of the US Government and thus helped to shape the future of this country. | |
| 212206943 | Battle of Austerlitz | battle between Austria, Russia, and France; the French under Napoleon defeated the Russian armies of Czar Alexander I and the Austrian armies of Emperor Francis II. | |
| 212206944 | Judiciary Act of 1801 | Law that the Federalist Congress passed to increase the number of federal courts and judicial positions; President John Adams rushed to fill these positions with Federalists before his term ended. | |
| 212206945 | Orders in council | closed European ports under French control to foreign shipping, unless the vessels 1st stopped at a British port | |
| 212206946 | revolution of 1800 | Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution." | |
| 212206947 | midnight judges | a nick name given to group of judges that was appointed by John Adams the night before he left office. He appointed them to go to the federal courts to have a long term federalist influence, because judges serve for life instead of limited terms | |
| 212206948 | Chesapeake incident | 1807 - The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664. | |
| 212206949 | Marbury vs. Madison | Supreme Court decision declaring part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional, thereby establishing an important precedent in favor of judicial review. | |
| 212206950 | Embargo Act | Act that forbade the export of goods from the U.S. in order to hurt the economies of the warring nations of France and Britain. The act slowed the economy of New England and the south. The act was seen as one of many precursors to war. | |
| 212206951 | Louisiana Purchase Treaty | 1803, the U.S. spends $15 million to buy a large amount of land from the west of the Mississippi from France; doubled the size of the United States | |
| 212206952 | Non-intercourse Act | Law passed by Congress in 1809 reopening trade with all nations except France and Britain and authorizing the president to reopen trade with them if they lifted restrictions on American shipping. | |
| 212206953 | mosquito fleet | It is the term used to describe the United States Navy's fleet of small gunboats, leading up to and during the War of 1812. |
