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Chapter 12 Campell Bio Flashcards

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2997243149Cell DivisionThe reproduction of cells0
2997275576Cell CycleThe life of a cell from the time it is first formed during division of a parent cell until its own division into two daughter cells1
2997285459GametesSperm and eggs. Sex cells2
2997291384GenomeEndowment of DNA. Genetic info3
2997310522ChromosomesStructures that contain DNA4
2997474407ChromatinThe entire complex of DNA and proteins that is the building material of chromosomes5
2997904635Somatic CellsAll body cells except for the sex cells6
2998275771Sister ChromosomesDuplicated Chromosome7
2998324842CentromereArea on sister chromosomes where the two chromosomes are attached.8
2999721405ArmPart of the chromosome that is to the side of centromere9
2999904373MitosisThe division of the genetic material in the nucleus10
2999904640CytokinesisThe division of the cytoplasm Cleavage furrow11
2999928790InterphasePhase in the middle. Consists of G1, S, G212
2999929227G1 S G2Growth 1: Cell grows (gap 1) Synthesis: Organelles are made Growth 2: Cell grows (gap 2)13
3102344199Five stages of MitosisProphase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase14
3102461713G2 InterphaseNuclear Membrane still exists 1 or more nucleoli (singular nucleolus) 2 Centrosomes formed by duplication of 1 Each centrosome contains two centrioles15
3102506642ProphaseChromatin fibers condense and take the shape of chromosomes Nucleoli disappear Duplicated Chromosomes are bound and are called Sister Chromatids Mitotic Spindle begins to form (composed of the centrosomes and the microtubules that extend from them) Star looking thingys at the end called Asters.16
3102528627PrometaphaseNuclear Envelope fragments Chromosomes become even more condensed Each of the two chromatids of each chromosome now has a kinetochore, a specialized protein structure at the centromere Some of the microtubules attach to the kinetochores, becoming "kinetochore microtubules," which jerk the chromosomes back and forth Nonkinetochore microtubules interact with those from the opposite pole of the spindle.17
3102546569MetaphaseCentrosomes are at opposite parts of the cell Centrosomes line up at Metaphase plate For each chromosome, the kinetochores of the sister chromatids are attached to kinetochore microtubules coming from opposite poles.18
3102548954Metaphase platePlane that is equidistant from the centrioles during metaphase.19
3102558056AnaphaseShortest Phase Cohesion protein cleaved, Centromere no more exist Kinetochore microtubules pull the centrosomes apart towards opposite ends of the cell Cell elongates as chromosomes move to opposite exams By the end of anaphase, both ends contain 1 complete set of chromosomes20
3102570256TelophaseNuclei form Nuclear envelopes start to appear Spindle Microtubules depolymerize Essentially the ends with a subsection of cytokinesis.21
3102637488Cleavage furrowPinch in cytoplasm22

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