Terms : Hide Images
| 82346256 | Power over | (riger) control and dominate | |
| 82346257 | Power to | (riger) opportunity and freedom to pursue goals and develop capacities | |
| 82346258 | Power from | (riger) resistance to the power of others | |
| 82346259 | Integrative power / people power | the capacity to build groups, bind people togehter and inspire loyalty | |
| 82346260 | Power of truth | (satyagraha) gandhi; principles, active adn openly expressed resistance to oppression that is coupled with appeals to social justice | |
| 82346261 | Instruments of social power | 1 - control of resources and rewards; 2 - control channels for participation; 3 - shape the definition of an issue or conflict (the power of "spin") | |
| 82346262 | Rappaport's definition of empowerment | an active, collective process by which people, organizations and communities gain mastery over their own affairs | |
| 82346263 | Community psychology and empowerment | 1 - rappaport says empowerment shoudl be the defining and central concept of community psychology (it is the focus of what the field tries to understand, explain, predict, facilitate and create through its research and interventions); 2 - the emphasis of empowerment is not on personal control and mastery for the sole purpose of individual growth and development (eg exercise, meditation) | |
| 82346264 | Cornell empowerment group | 1 - an intentional, ongoing process; 2 - centered in a local community; 3 - involving mutual respect, critical reflection, caring, and group participation; 4 - through which people lacking an equal share of resources gain greater access to and control over those resources | |
| 82346265 | Empowerment | includes attention to the cognitions, emotions, and motivations involved in people becoming active change agents in their own lives and contexts; includes identifying and nurturing the strenghts and resources of organizations and communities | |
| 82348865 | Key qualities of empowerment | bottom-up vs top-down; process that develops over time; collective context; multilevel construct | |
| 82348866 | Collective context and empowerment | empowerment occurs through participation in groups or organization | |
| 82348867 | Multilevel construct and empowerment | 1 - empowerment can occur at all ecological levels of analysis; 2 - empowerment at one level does not necessarily lead to empowerment at other levels | |
| 82348868 | Psychological empowerment | zimmerman; 1 - beliefs about one's competence and efficacy, and a willingness to become involved in activities, to exert control in the social and political environment; 2 - involves cognition, behavioral skills and competence, motivation, commitment to values; 3 - develops through teh interaction of personality factors and social experience; 4 - empowerment is contextextual | |
| 82348869 | Psychological empowerment is contextual | 1 - develops in a particular setting, community, culture; 2 - can be psychologically empowered in one setting and not in another | |
| 82348870 | Empowering settings | settings that foster the psychological empowerment of members and foster community participation | |
| 82348871 | Characteristics of empowering settings | 1 - strenghts-based beliefs system, activation of resources; 2 - opportunity role structures, 3 - participatory niches; peer social support systems; 4 - leadership is inspiring and shared, inclusive decision-making; 5 - strong sense of community; 6 - coempowerment - subgroups empowered together | |
| 82348872 | Empowering communities and organizations | 1 - provide experiences for members to participate actively in activities and decision-making; 2 - strenghtens sense of community; 3 - promotes psychological empowerment | |
| 82348873 | Empowered communities and organizations | 1 - influence the wider community; 2 - helps to create community change; 3 - promotes quality of life for members and citizens | |
| 82348874 | Empowering but not empowered | empowers its members but does not have broader influence and is unable to effect change | |
| 82348875 | Empowered but not empowering | can influence and effect change in the broader community but does not empower its members | |
| 82351098 | Qualities of empowering organizations | solidarity, member participation, diversity and collaboration | |
| 82351099 | Solidarity and empowering organizations | 1 - strenghts-based belief system; 2 - social support; 3 - shared, inspired leadership | |
| 82351100 | Member participation and empowering organizations | participatory niches; task focus; including decision-making; participatory rewards | |
| 82351101 | Diversity and collaboration and empowering organizations | promoting diversity; fostering intergroup collaboration (microbelonging and macrobelonging, boundary spanning) | |
| 82351102 | Boundary spanning | putnam's bridging; relationships that connect groups; help each group understand the other; builds capacity for collaboration access groups | |
| 82351103 | Empowerment dilemmas | 1 - the challenges of sucess; 2 - stubborn social regularities; 3 - paradox of empowerment | |
| 82351104 | The challenges of success | the success of bottom-up organizations can create more bureaucracy as they grow and become more top-down | |
| 82351105 | Stubborn social regularities | existing power relationships are often resistant to change | |
| 82351106 | Paradox for empowerment | 1 - can a more powerful group ever empower others? 2 - shifting the distribution of power is difficult to maintain, as systems and individuals fall naturally back into initial roles | |
| 82351107 | Citizen participation | 1 - the collective behaviors and process of individuals taking part in decision-making in the institutions, programs, and environments that effect them; 2 - can be both a means and an end; 3 - not simply volunteering or community service (involves collective decision-making in groups; influencing organizations and communities through collective action) | |
| 82351108 | Citizen participation, empowerment and sense of community | 1 - citizen participation involves collective action to influence policies, practices, etc; 2 - empowerment is a broader process that includes the variables that may lead to or result from citizen participation; 3 - empowerment is nurtured and citizen participation is more likely where there is a strong sense of community | |
| 82351109 | Individual qualities that lead to citizen participation and empowerment | critical awareness; participatory competence; sense of collective efficacy; sense of personal participatory efficacy; values and commitment; relational connections | |
| 82352224 | Critical awareness emerges from | 1 - life experience with injustice; 2 - reflection on life experiences and lessons learned; 3 - dialogue with others | |
| 82352225 | Critical awareness involves | 1 - searching for the root causes of problems; 2 - questioning the status quo and widely held assumptions; 3 - recognizing how power relationships impact individuals, families, and communities; 4 - playing an active role in the transformation of society | |
| 82352226 | Participatory competence | behavioral skills necessary for participating effectively in community decisions and change | |
| 82352227 | Participatory competence skills | Articulating problems using critical awareness, Imagining and articulating a vision for a better community, Assertive advocacy of the vision, Mobilizing resources: identifying, gaining access, and using personal and community resources, Planning strategies for change, Relationship building, Managing and resolving conflicts, Pacing efforts, avoiding burnout, Mentoring others | |
| 82352228 | Sense of collective efficacy | 1 - the belief that collective action and participation will be effective in improving community life and lead to constructive changes; 2 - usually emerges with involvement in citizen participation efforts; 3 - contextual (you may have it in some situations and not in others) | |
| 82352229 | Sense of participatory efficacy | 1 - belief that one personally ahs the capacity to change in citizen participation and influence decisions; 2 - related to optimism, enthusiasm, enjoyment of challenges, attributing setbacks to situational causes rather than personal failues, and a "can-do" spirit | |
| 82352230 | Values and commitment | 1 - citizen action is often initiated and sustained by commitment to deeply held values; 2 - spiritual or moral commitment can be very powerful; 3 - purpose and meaning, a sense of "being called" to become involved and contribute to change; 4 - involves a suspension of fear and doubt | |
| 82352231 | Relational connections | engagement in a wide variety of relationships with others; includes - bonding and bridging, social support, mentoring, neighboring | |
| 82356189 | Riger's critique of empowerment | 1 - calls for attention to the relationship between empowerment and power; 2 - says that we tend to study sense of empowerment vs real access to power and distribution of power; 3 - questions whether empowerment and community are contradictory; 4 - will people with power share resources in meaningful ways or simply help others feel more empowered? | |
| 82356190 | Riger: power and empowerment | 1 - empowerment risks confusing efficacy with actual decision-making, control of resources, and freedom from oppression; 2 - providing opportunities to access resources is not the same thing as control of resources | |
| 82430310 | Riger: psychological empowerment | 1 - focuses on cognitions, beliefs, and sense of self; 2 - raises question: does person create reality or does reality create the person? 3 - if too focused on cognitive processes, situational or systemic factors that impact oppressed groups are ignored; 4 - does enhancing sense of empowerment create an illusion of power without affecting the actual distribution of power and resources (illusion of empowerment) | |
| 82578746 | Riger: empowerment and individualism | 1 - empowerment often has a value connotation of individualism ; 2 empowerment brings to mind traditionally masculine concepts of autonomy, mastery and control vs. more feminine concepts of relatedness and cooperation; concerned that empowerment is inconsistent with "community" | |
| 82578747 | Empowerment often has the value connotation of individualism | 1 - empowerment as the power to meet individual needs and goals; 2 - in western societies, empoweremnt has been connected to personal self-advancement without regard for one's community or larger society; 3 - empowerment has also been associated with strenghtening the position or resources of one's ingroup at the expense of other groups | |
| 82578748 | Riger: dangers of empowerment | 1 - becoming empowered in the context of a worldview of individualism can be accompanied by (competition, isolation, conflicts over control and dominance, and sense of superiority); 2 - raises the core issue of the conflict between teh individual and group/community needs and goals; 3 - do individuals needs and goals become prioritized over teh well-being of the group of community?; 4 - the risk appears to increase as more actual success and power are gained | |
| 82578749 | Results of riger's critiques | Riger's critique challenges community psychology to seek strategies where empowerment is faciliated in teh context of sense of community and with a goal of social justice; implications for order of interventions (sense of commmunity --> empowerment --> social justice) | |
| 82578750 | Empowerment and narrative theory | rappaport, 1995; 1 - individuals, organizations, and communiies have narratives, stories about themselves, their experiences, their relationships, and their place in the world; 2 - narratives tell us who we are, who we have been, and who we can be; 3 - narratives create memory, identity, emotion, meaning, role relationships | |
| 82578751 | Controlling narratives is controlling a valuable resource | the ability to create and tell one's own story; access to collective stories; influence over collective stories | |
| 82585148 | Rappaport's concept of community narratives | a story that is common among a group of people that describes events over time - 1 - makes a clear point and has a beginning, middle, and end; 2 - shared and transmited in a variety of ways (eg social interactions, literature and local media, art and music, customs and rituals); 3 - narratives communicate how community members can understand themselves, their roles, important lessons of survival, and expectations of their own behavior and the behavior of others | |
| 82585149 | More about community narratives | rappaport; 1 - narratives are resources, access to information that facilitates optimal functioning within a context; 2 - all communiies have narratives about themselves; 3 - the communities and stories available to any individual are related of social locations such as race, class, gender, sexual orientation | |
| 82585150 | Narratives contexts and indentity | 1 - narratives function to continuously create, recreate, and maintain contexts and identity; 2 - individuals and groups create and maintain contexts by their behaviors, relationships, norms etc; 3 - contexts shape how individuals think of themselves and their world | |
| 82585151 | Problematic narratives | for those who lack social, political, or economic power both dominant culture narratives and community narratives can be problematic - negative stories; narrow, unidimensional, limited stories; stories written by others | |
| 82585152 | Empowerment is facilitated by | 1 - understanding how existing community and cultural narratives influence our own personal narratives; 2 - changing dominant cultural narratives; 3 - reauthoring community narratives (help people discover their own stories; help individuals and communities create new narratives that are positive, multidimensional, and full); 4 - giving voice and amplifying diverse community narratives | |
| 82585153 | Dominant culture narratives | narratives communicated by mass media and societal institutions that touch the lives of most people (1 - often overlearned through repetition and heavy exposure; 2 - can be evoked by words or symbols that pull up the memory of the prototype store; 3 - those with access to mass media can tell their stories as if they were everyone's reality; 4 - the control of dominant cultural narratives can influence social identity and has political consequences) |
