Terms : Hide Images
| 557366085 | Manifest Destiny | the belief that the U.S. should extend all the way to the pacific ocean | |
| 557366086 | Texas | the second largest state | |
| 557366087 | Stephen Austin | Austin, Texas was named after him; he was the man the brought the first Americans into Texas because he was granted permission by the Mexicans on condition of no slaves, convert to Roman Catholic, and learn Spanish | |
| 557366088 | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876) | |
| 557366089 | Sam Houston | United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863) | |
| 557366090 | Alamo | A Spanish mission converted into a fort, it was besieged by Mexican troops in 1836. The Texas garrison held out for thirteen days, but in the final battle, all of the Texans were killed by the larger Mexican force. | |
| 557366091 | John Tyler | elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery | |
| 557366092 | Aroostoock War | It was over the Maine boundary dispute. The British wanted to build a road from Halifax to Quebec. It ran through land already claimed by Maine. Fights started on both sides and they both got their local militia. It could have been a war, but it never proceeded that far. | |
| 557366093 | Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) | US Secretary of State Daniel Webster and British ambassador Lord Alexander Ashburton created a treaty splitting New Brunswick territory into Maine and British Canada; also settled boundary of the Minnesota territory (giving iron-rich Mesabi range to US) | |
| 557366094 | Oregon Territory | territory of Oregon, Washington, and portions of what became British Columbia, Canada; land claimed by both U.S. and Britain and held jointly under the Convention of 1818 | |
| 557366095 | "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!" | Political slogan of the Democrats in the election of 1844, which claimed fifty-four degrees, forty minutes as the boundary of the Oregon territory claimed by the United States | |
| 557366096 | James K. Polk | The 11th U.S. President, he led the country during the mexican war and sought to expand the United States | |
| 557366097 | Rio Grande; Nueces River | Mexico refused to sell California to US thinking that Texas' southern border was on the Nueces River; Polk and special envoy to Mexico City John Slidell, asserted that the border of TX is to the south, along the Rio Grande | |
| 557366098 | Mexican War (1846-1847) | armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas. Mexico claimed ownership of Texas as a breakaway province and refused to recognize the secession and subsequent military victory by Texas in 1836. | |
| 557366099 | Zachary Taylor | General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War and 12th president of the United States. Sent by president Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but defeated. | |
| 557366100 | Stephen Kearney | This Colonel, under the direction of Polk, led a small army that captured Santa Fe with no opposition. He then proceeded to California where he joined a conflict already in progress that was being staged jointly by American settlers | |
| 557366101 | Winfield Scott | was a United States Army general, diplomat, and presidential candidate. Known as "Old Fuss and Feathers" and the "Grand Old Man of the Army", he served on active duty as a general longer than any other man in American history and most historians rate him the ablest American commander of his time. Over the course of his fifty-year career, he commanded forces in the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Black Hawk War, the Second Seminole War, and, briefly, the American Civil War, conceiving the Union strategy known as the Anaconda Plan that would be used to defeat the Confederacy. | |
| 557366102 | John C. Fremont | an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery. | |
| 557366103 | California; Bear Flag Republic | (1846) short-lived California republic established by local American settlers who revolted against Mexico; once news of the war with Mexico reached the Americans, they abandoned the Republic in favor of joining the United States | |
| 557366104 | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) | agreement that ended the Mexican War; under its terms Mexico gave up all claims to Texas north of the Rio Grande and ceded California and the Utah and New Mexico territories to the United States. The United States paid Mexico fifteen million dollars for the lands, but the land cession amounted to nearly half that nation's territory. | |
| 557366105 | Mexican Cession | 1848. Awarded as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo after the Mexican American War. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles. | |
| 557366106 | Wilmot Proviso | Bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico | |
| 557366107 | Franklin Pierce | an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States. Pierce's popularity in the North declined sharply after he came out in favor of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, repealing the Missouri Compromise and reopening the question of the expansion of slavery in the West. | |
| 557366108 | Ostend Manifesto (1852) | Polk wanted to buy Cuba for 100 million from Spain, but Spain refused to sell the last part of its former empire | |
| 557366109 | Walker Expedition | William Walker, a southern adventurer, tried to take Baja California from Mexico in 1853; took Nicaragua to develop a proslavery empire but collapsed when he was killed by Honduran authorities | |
| 557366110 | Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850) | Treaty between US and Britain to not build the Nicaragua Canal. The US later builds the Panama Canal instead. | |
| 557366111 | Gadsden Purchase (1853) | U.S. acquisition of land south of the Gila River from Mexico for $10 million; the land was needed for a possible transcontinental railroad line through the southern United States. However, the route was never used. | |
| 557366112 | Great American Desert | The vast arid territory that included the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains, and the Western Plateau. Known as this before 1860, they were the lands between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Coast. | |
| 557366113 | Mountain Men | American adventurers and fur trappers who spent most of their time in the Rocky Mountains | |
| 557366114 | Far West | Pacific states that were the focus of Manifest Destiny: California, Oregon, Texas, etc. | |
| 557366115 | Overland Trails | include Oregon Trail, Mormon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, California Trail; method of westward migration | |
| 557366116 | Mining Frontier | California, Colorado, Nevada, Black Hills of the Dakotas, where gold or silver rushes began; boomtowns started up | |
| 557366117 | Gold Rush; Silver Rush | a period from1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to California in order to search for gold; Miners rused to Coloroado, Nevado, the Black Hills of the Dakotas, and other western states to search for silver. | |
| 557366118 | Farming Frontier | A period of time in which hundreds of thousands of citizens moved west and began to farm the frontier, very much due to the Homestead Act of 1862, which offered 160 acres of free public land to any family that settled there for a period of 5 years. | |
| 557366119 | Urban Frontier | Western cities that arose as a result of railroads, mineral wealth, and farming, San Francisco, Denver, Salt Lake City | |
| 557366120 | Industrial Technology | industrialization of 1840s on created shoes, sewing machines, ready-to-wear clothing, firearms, precision tools, and iron products for railroads, etc. | |
| 557366121 | Elias Howe | United States inventor who built early sewing machines and won suits for patent infringement against other manufacturers (including Isaac M. Singer) (1819-1867) | |
| 557366122 | Samuel F. B. Morse | invented the telegraph | |
| 557366123 | Railroads; Federal Land Grants | railroads became America's largest industry, required immense amounts of capital and labor and gave rise to complex business organizations; local and state governments gave tax breaks and special loans to finance growth of railroads; 1850, US gave 2.6million acres of federal land to build the Illinois Central railroad from Lake Michigan to Gulf of Mexico, first land grant | |
| 557366124 | Foreign Commerce; Exports and Imports | trade between the US and a foreign country; regulated by Congress; Goods being shipped world-wide now that railroads had connected the coasts of America. | |
| 557366125 | Matthew C. Perry; Japan | was the Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. | |
| 557366126 | Panic of 1857 | Economic downturn caused by overspeculation of western lands, railroads, gold in California, grain. Mostly affected northerners, who called for higher tariffs and free homesteads |
