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| 8690671815 | Indians | Misnomer created by Columbus referring to indigenous peoples of New World; implies social or ethnic commonality among Native Americans that did not exist; still used to apply to Native Americans. | 0 | |
| 8690704108 | Toltec Culture | Succeeded Teotihuacan culture in central Mexico; strongly militaristic ethic including human sacrifice; influenced large territory after 1000 C.E.; declined after 1200 C.E. | 1 | |
| 8690726462 | Topiltzin | Religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs in 10th century; dedicated to god Quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the Yucatan peninsula. | 2 | |
| 8690744489 | Quetzalcoatl | Toltec deity; Feathered Serpent; adopted by Aztecs as a major god. |  | 3 |
| 8690753738 | Tenochtitlan | Founded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in 1493 to form a triple alliance that controlled most central plateau of Mesoamerica; Capital of Aztec empire. |  | 4 |
| 8690774672 | Tlaloc | Major god of Aztecs; associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle; god of rain. |  | 5 |
| 8690787355 | Huitzilopochtli | Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god. |  | 6 |
| 8690798056 | Nezhualcoyotl | Leading Aztec king of the 15th century. |  | 7 |
| 8690815021 | Chinampas | Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture utilized by Aztecs. |  | 8 |
| 8690827213 | Pochteca | Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items. |  | 9 |
| 8691382020 | Calpulli | Clans in Aztec society, later expanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors. | 10 | |
| 8691394143 | Pachacuti | Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca. |  | 11 |
| 8691436815 | Ayllus | Households in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from some common, sometimes mythical ancestor. | 12 | |
| 8691449339 | Cusco | Capital of Inca empire. |  | 13 |
| 8691465169 | Twantinsuyu | Word for Inca empire; region from present-day Colombia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina. |  | 14 |
| 8691475454 | Split Inheritance | Inca practice of descent; all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy | 15 | |
| 8691497746 | Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center located at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas. |  | 16 |
| 8691502840 | Tambos | Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies on the move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages. | 17 | |
| 8691515149 | Mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control. |  | 18 |
| 8691524243 | Inca Socialism | A view created by Spanish authors to describe Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole. | 19 | |
| 8691537422 | Yanas | A class of people within Inca society removed from their ayllus to serve permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or the Inca nobility. | 20 | |
| 8691548324 | Quipu | System of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records. |  | 21 |
