Terms : Hide Images
| 41469550 | Prince Henry the Navigator | (1394-1460) Portuguese prince that studied navigational techniques, accumulated detailed accounts of voyages, and encouraged the creation of accurate maps of the African coastline | |
| 41469551 | Alfonso de Albuquerque | (1453-1515) A Portuguese general that conquered the vital ports of the Middle East and India | |
| 41469552 | Vasco Nunez de Balboa | (1475-1517) was the first to see the Pacific Ocean in 1513 | |
| 41469553 | Muscovy | A Russian principality | |
| 41469554 | boyars | Hereditary nobility | |
| 41469555 | Jagiellon dynasty | Family of monarchs of Poland-Lithuania, Bohemia, and Hungary that became one of the most powerful in east central Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries | |
| 41469556 | Louis XI | (1461-1483) "The Spider; added new territory to the royal domain through strategic marriages and by conquering part of Burgundy | |
| 41469557 | aide | A royal taxation in France on commodities | |
| 41469558 | reconquista | The Christian reonquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Spanish Muslims or Moors; completed in 1492 under Ferdinand and Isabella | |
| 41469559 | Francis I of France | (1515-1547) A Renaissance king, gained control of the French clergy by agreement with the pope | |
| 41469560 | Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis | 1559, concluded at Le Cateau, France, by representatives of Henry II of France, Philip II of Spain, and Elizabeth I of England; it put an end to the 60-year conflict between France and Spain | |
| 41469561 | Columbian Exchange | The transfer of microbes, animals, and plants n the encounters between Europeans during the age of exploration | |
| 41469562 | Bartolomeu Dias | (ca. 1450-1500) Portuguese navigator that rounded the tip of Africa and opened the eastern shores of Africa to Portuguese traders | |
| 41469563 | Christopher Columbus | (1446-1506) Genoese adventurer that accidentally discovered the New World in 1492 | |
| 41469564 | Hernando Cortes | (1485-1547) Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico | |
| 41469565 | Ivan III, the Great | (1462-1505) drove out the Mogols, claimed Moscow as the "Third Rome" by marrying niece of lasy Byzantine emperor, and created the streltsy, a military service class | |
| 41469566 | Michael Romanov | (1613-1645) After the Time of Troubles, he was chosen to be tsar by an assembly of landholders called the Zemsky Sobor | |
| 41469567 | Henry VII Tudor | (1485-1509) Tamed the nobles, reduced the number of dukes, and created a new aristocracy | |
| 41469568 | taille | A royal tax on property | |
| 41469569 | Ferdinand of Aragon | (1479-1504) Made alliances with towns called hermandades, personally visited each area of the country, completed a reconquista, and established strict religious orthodoxy | |
| 41469570 | conversos | Spanish Jewish converts | |
| 41469571 | Valois dynasty | The royal house of France that ruled from 1328 to 1589; created by Philip IV | |
| 41469572 | Bartolome de las Casas | (1474-1566) A Dominican priest that championed the cause of the native inhabitants at the court of Spanish kings | |
| 41469573 | Spanish Inquisition | An ecclesiastical tribunal utilized to combat heresy and non-Christians; used by Ferdinand and Isabella against the conversos | |
| 41469574 | Vasco da Gama | (ca. 1460-1524) Portuguese navigator, the first European to journey by sea to India | |
| 41469575 | Francisco Pizarro | (1475-1541) Spanish conquistador that conquered the Incas (modern-day Peru) | |
| 41469576 | Ivan IV, the Terrible | (1547-1584) His nickname derives from his hatred of the boyars; he continued Russian expansion | |
| 41469577 | Poland-Lithuania | Ruled by Casimir IV and eventually his son Vladislav II | |
| 41469578 | Thomas Cromwell | (1485-1540) King Henry III's Chief Minister; he confiscated the wealth of the Catholic church and divided administration according to its functions by creating seperate departments of state | |
| 41469579 | gabelle | A French royal tax on salt | |
| 41469580 | Isabella of Castile | (1479-1504) Wife of Ferdinand of Aragon; their marriage united the two largest kingdoms on the Spanish peninsula | |
| 41469581 | Emperor Charles V | (1516-1556) Heir not only to the Spanish crown, but the Hapsburg estates that included Austria; competed with Francis I | |
| 41469582 | Habsburg Empire | A noble family of Swiss origin; came to power in 1273; expanded dramatically over continental Europe not only through military conquest but also through carefully chosen marriage alliances | |
| 41469583 | Luis de Camoes | (ca. 1524-1580) Portuguese writer; wrote the "Lusiads" in 1572 to celebrate the new age of conquest | |
| 41469584 | Treaty of Tordesillas | In 1494, it confirmed Portugal's right to have the eastern route to the Indies as well as any undiscovered lands to the east of an imaginary line west of the Cape Verde Islands | |
| 41469585 | Ferdinand Magellan | (1480-1521) A Portuguese mariner that was the first to circumnavigate the world for Spain; carried back spices that were worth a lot more than the overall trip had cost; Magellan was killed in the Philippines | |
| 65126813 | Henry II | (ruled 1556-59) As king of France, he succeeded his father, Francis I, and began a religious repression that created Calvinist martyrs, perhaps further encouraging Protestant dissent. The spread of Calvinism led him to sign the Treaty of Canteau-Cambresis in 1559. After decades of reckless invasions, he agreed to respect Hapsburg dominance in Italy and control over Flanders. In 1559, he was accidentally killed by an errant lance during a jousting tournament celebrating peace with Spain, and so his son, Francis II, succeeded him. |
